{"id":26016,"date":"2023-12-07T02:19:54","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:19:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/the-tien-thoai-luong-nan-cua-nguoi-tu-lap-lai-iterated-prisoners-dilemma-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:24:24","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:24:24","slug":"the-tien-thoai-luong-nan-cua-nguoi-tu-lap-lai-iterated-prisoners-dilemma-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/the-tien-thoai-luong-nan-cua-nguoi-tu-lap-lai-iterated-prisoners-dilemma-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\n

H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: ytimg.com)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i <\/b>hay t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i hay song \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma.<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/i> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/i> kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nhau. \u0110\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh” (Peace-War game).<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00ec tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo qui \u01b0\u1edbc logic th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ch\u01a1i r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. \u0102n mi\u1ebfng tr\u1ea3 mi\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb1ng sau tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m si\u00eau l\u00f2ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/font><\/h3>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 \u0111ang \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 giam v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. Hai b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i khai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia c\u00f3 d\u00ednh l\u00edu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i \u00e1c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia). \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i b\u1ea1n (\u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i) trong khi b\u1ea1n gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn m\u1ee9c \u00e1n t\u00f9 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong khi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do (v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i).\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau (m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u1eb9 cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m \u00e1n t\u00f9 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, kh\u00e1 t\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\n
<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac (nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i danh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t). \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 v\u00f2ng. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: investopedia.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26016"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26016"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26016\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}