{"id":26027,"date":"2023-12-07T02:20:19","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:20:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/the-tien-thoai-luong-nan-cua-lu-khach-travelers-dilemma-la-gi-noi-dung-lien-quan.html"},"modified":"2023-12-07T02:20:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:20:19","slug":"the-tien-thoai-luong-nan-cua-lu-khach-travelers-dilemma-la-gi-noi-dung-lien-quan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/the-tien-thoai-luong-nan-cua-lu-khach-travelers-dilemma-la-gi-noi-dung-lien-quan.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch (Traveler’s Dilemma) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ed9i dung li\u00ean quan"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: YouTube)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch (Traveler’s Dilemma)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Traveler’s Dilemma.<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch<\/i> trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n “ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed”, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1edb tr\u00eau l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi logic hay ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch<\/font><\/h3>\n

Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf Kaushik Basu, \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1edfi hai l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 cho h\u1ecd v\u00ec m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec anh ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, anh ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi hai l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, anh ta s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ebd cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n \u0111ang gian l\u1eadn. Trong khi anh ta s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 cho c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng 2 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00ec s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 2 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng Nash, l\u00e0 2 \u0111\u00f4 la. C\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau: V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 100 \u0111\u00f4 la, n\u1ebfu l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch B c\u0169ng ghi l\u00e0 100 \u0111\u00f4 la th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea3 hai nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 hai, l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch A l\u00ed do r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu anh ta vi\u1ebft 99 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch B vi\u1ebft 100 \u0111\u00f4 la, th\u00ec A s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 101 \u0111\u00f4 la (99 \u0111\u00f4 la + 2 \u0111\u00f4 la ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng A tin r\u1eb1ng B c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu B c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m 99 \u0111\u00f4 la, c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 99 \u0111\u00f4 la. V\u00ec v\u1eady, A th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n khi vi\u1ebft 98 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn 100 \u0111\u00f4 la (98 \u0111\u00f4 la + 2 \u0111\u00f4 la ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng) n\u1ebfu B vi\u1ebft 99 \u0111\u00f4 la. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng suy ngh\u0129 vi\u1ebft 98 \u0111\u00f4 la c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi B, A \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m 97 \u0111\u00f4 la, v.v… D\u00f2ng qui n\u1ea1p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch xu\u1ed1ng con s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 2 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: investopedia.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Traveler’s Dilemma) trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26027"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26027\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}