{"id":26071,"date":"2023-12-07T02:21:54","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:21:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chay-mau-chat-xam-brain-drain-la-gi-nguyen-nhan-va-hau-qua-cua-chay-mau-chat-xam.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:27:10","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:27:10","slug":"chay-mau-chat-xam-brain-drain-la-gi-nguyen-nhan-va-hau-qua-cua-chay-mau-chat-xam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chay-mau-chat-xam-brain-drain-la-gi-nguyen-nhan-va-hau-qua-cua-chay-mau-chat-xam.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m (Brain drain) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: medium<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m\u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Brain drain.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m\u00a0<\/i>l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u01b0 v\u00e0o v\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ee3i su\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u1ecdc, T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 quan IMF\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2002, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1990 c\u1ee7a 61 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang v\u00e0 k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 trong n\u0103m n\u00e0y th\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 12.9 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn trong nh\u00f3m OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 7 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3. Trung b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 30% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 El Salvador m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn 60%.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, con s\u1ed1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 80% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh vi\u00ean du h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai nh\u00f3m: nh\u00f3m 1 t\u1eeb tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp 9-12 (secondary education) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m 2 t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 12 tr\u1edf l\u00ean (terticary education). Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m tertiary education.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m<\/i> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. C\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 h\u01a1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m<\/i> v\u1eeba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3\u00a0t\u1ed1t v\u1eeba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 cho th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, gi\u00fap cho qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 chi d\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, ki\u1ebfn n\u0103ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u: Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 ra \u0111i, qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hay c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf (infrastructure).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m<\/i> c\u00f2n m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thua k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t) c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 thua k\u00e9m th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m<\/b> khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp \u0111\u00e0 v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan tr\u00e0n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0asianlabour.org)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Brain drain) l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26071"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26071"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26071\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}