{"id":26103,"date":"2023-12-07T02:23:14","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:23:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-tac-cong-xac-suat-addition-rule-for-probabilities-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:27:14","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:27:14","slug":"qui-tac-cong-xac-suat-addition-rule-for-probabilities-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-tac-cong-xac-suat-addition-rule-for-probabilities-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Qui t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t (Addition rule for probabilities) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Fangraphs.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Qui t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Qui t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t,\u00a0<\/b>ti\u1ebfng anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 addition rule for probabilities<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Qui t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t<\/b> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t trong hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 xung kh\u1eafc x\u1ea3y ra, hai l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t trong hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng xung kh\u1eafc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 tr\u1eeb \u0111i x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/font><\/h3>\n

Trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 xung kh\u1eafc<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

P(Y ho\u1eb7c Z) = P(Y) + P(Z)<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng xung kh\u1eafc<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

P(Y ho\u1eb7c Z) = P(Y) + P(Z) \u2013 P(Y v\u00e0 Z)<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a qui t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/b> trong qui t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y th\u1eed tung m\u1ed9t con x\u00fac x\u1eafc s\u00e1u m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 3 ho\u1eb7c 6. V\u00ec x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 3 l\u00e0 1\/6 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 6 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 1\/6, cho n\u00ean x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ta tung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 3 ho\u1eb7c 6 khi tung x\u00fac x\u1eafc l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1\/6 + 1\/6 = 2\/6 = 1\/3<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai<\/b> trong qui t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 9 b\u1ea1n nam v\u00e0 11 b\u1ea1n n\u1eef. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc k\u00ec, c\u00f3 5 b\u1ea1n nam v\u00e0 4 b\u1ea1n n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m B. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n, li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1eef ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m B l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n

V\u00ec x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n n\u1eef l\u00e0 11 tr\u00ean 20, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m B l\u00e0 9 tr\u00ean 20, v\u1eady n\u00ean x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n n\u1eef ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m B l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

11\/20 + 9\/20 \u2013 5\/20 = 15\/20 = 3\/4<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hai c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai. V\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 0, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tung xung x\u1eafc m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 3 v\u00e0 6. Hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 xung kh\u1eafc. C\u00f2n hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng xung kh\u1eafc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Qui t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Addition rule for probabilities) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t trong hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 xung kh\u1eafc x\u1ea3y ra, hai l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t trong hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng xung kh\u1eafc x\u1ea3y ra.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26103"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26103"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26103\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}