{"id":26129,"date":"2023-12-07T02:24:15","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/mua-axit-acid-rain-la-gi-tac-hai-va-bien-phap.html"},"modified":"2023-12-07T02:24:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:24:15","slug":"mua-axit-acid-rain-la-gi-tac-hai-va-bien-phap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/mua-axit-acid-rain-la-gi-tac-hai-va-bien-phap.html","title":{"rendered":"M\u01b0a axit (Acid rain) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"lgpost_1519162790538\"<\/div>\n
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: nationalgeographic)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

M\u01b0a axit<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u01b0a axit<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0Acid rain.<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u01b0a axit<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng, t\u00edch l\u0169y (d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c \u1ea9m) c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb di-ox\u00edt sunphua SO2 v\u00e0 ax\u00edt nitrogen NOx v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c clor\u00edt Cl \u2212 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ax\u00edt.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4 b\u1edfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf; hay d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u1ea9m khi ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ax\u00edt.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ax\u00edt x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. M\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 pH = 5,6; m\u01b0a ax\u00edt pH < 4,3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a ax\u00edt<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

\u2013 L\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n trong s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, ao h\u1ed3<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m cho r\u1eebng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm<\/p>\n

\u2013 X\u00f3i m\u00f2n d\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/p>\n

\u2013 L\u00e0m ax\u00edt h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 pH trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u01b0a axit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y n\u00ean:\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u2013 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u00edt sunphua h\u01a1n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng than v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 chi ph\u00ed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u01b0a ax\u00edt<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3i ra ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1ch ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3i v\u00e0i tr\u0103m c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf Canada g\u00e2y m\u01b0a ax\u00edt \u1edf M\u1ef9; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf Anh, B\u1eafc \u00c2u g\u00e2y m\u01b0a ax\u00edt \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, Na Uy, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n\u2026 Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u01b0a ax\u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Th\u00e1i Lan, Indonesia, Philippines, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Nam Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, T\u00e2y nam b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a ax\u00edt.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc OECD \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 cam k\u1ebft n\u0103m 1987 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m dioxit sunphua 30% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u1ea3i n\u0103m 1980, n\u0103m 1988 k\u00ed cam k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m dioxit nitrozen kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1987 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa\u2026\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u1ede M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1990 ban h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m 10 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i sun phua xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Canada.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00ed k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea3i sunphua kho\u1ea3ng 30% n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993. Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng k\u00ed hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 \u0111ang trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Anh, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i k\u00ed k\u1ebft Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 2 n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea3i sun-phua.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u1eaft gao do ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 l\u00ed do:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra chi ph\u00ed qu\u00e1 cao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u2212 Chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0<\/p>\n

\u2212 Chi ph\u00ed y t\u1ebf do thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/p>\n

\u2212 T\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng<\/p>\n

\u2212 T\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

\u2212 T\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, TS. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Uy\u1ec3n – TS. \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 H\u1ea1nh – ThS. Ho\u00e0ng \u0110inh Th\u1ea3o Vy,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc M\u1edf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n M\u01b0a axit (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Acid rain) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay mang t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26129"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26129"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26129\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}