{"id":26166,"date":"2023-12-07T02:25:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phuong-phap-chi-phi-du-hanh-travel-cost-method-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:30:17","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:30:17","slug":"phuong-phap-chi-phi-du-hanh-travel-cost-method-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phuong-phap-chi-phi-du-hanh-travel-cost-method-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed du h\u00e0nh (Travel Cost Method) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-body vceditor-content wi-active\" data-role=\"content\">\n<div class=\"VCSortableInPreviewMode\" type=\"Photo\" style=\"\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"PhotoCMS_Caption\">\n<p>H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: shutterstock)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><b><font style=\"line-height: 22px; font-size: 22px;\" color=\"#3d85c6\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed du  h\u00e0nh<\/font><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed du h\u00e0nh<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi  l\u00e0:\u00a0<b>Travel Cost Method &#8211; TCM.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed du h\u00e0nh<\/b>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc  l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh quan, n\u01a1i vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1  tr\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3><b><font style=\"line-height: 22px; font-size: 22px;\" color=\"#3d85c6\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda<\/font><\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed  ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1  tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.\u00a0<b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c  b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong Kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nhu c\u1ea7u (Q) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi  h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 (P), gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thay th\u1ebf (PY),  thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 (I) v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu Z.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Q = f(P, PY, I, Z)<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng  ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed du h\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t  h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 v\u00e0o c\u1eeda. Chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i  bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1, chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian \u0111i, chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i  c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00e1 v\u00e9  v\u00e0o c\u1eeda th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi b\u1eb1ng 0 n\u1ebfu mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Tuy  nhi\u00ean, t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c  r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u  \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng  c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n tham quan Q l\u00e0 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1  c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 v\u00e0o c\u1eeda Q = f(P) m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed tham quan  l\u00e0 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n tham quan TC = f(Q).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n  l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tham quan \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 v\u00e0o c\u1eeda c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed  kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 bao  nhi\u00eau cho m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn tham quan.<\/p>\n<p><b>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 sau<\/b>:<\/p>\n<p>(1)  Ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan.<\/p>\n<p>(2)  Th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t \u1edf c\u1ed5ng r\u1eebng hay t\u1ea1i b\u00e3i gi\u1eef  xe hay tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n tham quan trung b\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, th\u1eddi gian  \u0111i l\u1ea1i, chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan thay th\u1ebf, thu  nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u2026 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n  gi\u1ea3n ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 thu nh\u1eadp, th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu&#8230; g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1  phi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed  tham quan v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n tham quan.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3  thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tham quan v\u00e0 xem  trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau cu\u1ed9c tham quan.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng  th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t du  kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i  v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tham quan \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng du kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m cho  ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh  quan.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5  1: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec  c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tham quan n\u1eefa, l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd  chi tr\u1ea3 cho l\u1ea7n tham quan th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0 8,5 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00e1 s\u1eb5n  l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n tham quan sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 4 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng cho l\u1ea7n  tham quan th\u1ee9 ba, 2 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng cho l\u1ea7n tham quan th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 0,5 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng cho  l\u1ea7n tham quan th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn tham quan l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 6 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n  ph\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady  trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thu v\u00e9 v\u00e0o c\u1eeda, trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd tham quan 6  l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<div class=\"VCSortableInPreviewMode\" type=\"BoxTable\" headercolor=\"#000\" headerbackcolor=\"\" tdcolor=\"#000\" tdbackcolor=\"#fff\" tdbordercolor=\"#999\">\n<table class=\"VCCTable msword-table\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>S\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n tham quan (1)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>WTP (2)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 (ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng) (3)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng) (4)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">15<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">15<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">8,5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">8,5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0,5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0,5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">30<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">30<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>T\u1ed5ng  gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb = t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 + t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u  di\u1ec5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n tham quan ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c  \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u D \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh quan. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n tham quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n  \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1eeda.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede  b\u1ea5t k\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 khi v\u00e0o  c\u1eeda. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tham quan b\u1eb1ng  t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd chi tr\u1ea3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n tham quan.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">15 + 8,5 + 4 + 2 + 0,5 + 0 = 30 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi  ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o tham quan kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 cung) n\u00ean  gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng 0. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c  t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c  ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 30 \u2013 0 = 30 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede  \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb  th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng  c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00e1  1 l\u1ea7n tham quan<\/p>\n<div class=\"VCSortableInPreviewMode\" type=\"Photo\" style=\"\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"PhotoCMS_Caption\">\n<p>H\u00ecnh 1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong  h\u00ecnh 1 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u  AB, khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng  v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p><i>(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0  M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, TS. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Uy\u1ec3n- TS. \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 H\u1ea1nh- ThS Ho\u00e0ng \u0110inh Th\u1ea3o  Vy,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc M\u1edf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-sapo\" data-role=\"sapo\">\n                            Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed du h\u00e0nh (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Travel Cost Method) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n                        <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26166"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26166"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26166\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}