{"id":26170,"date":"2023-12-07T02:26:07","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:26:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-luat-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-thu-i-the-first-law-of-thermodynamics-trong-kinh-te-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:40:49","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:40:49","slug":"qui-luat-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-thu-i-the-first-law-of-thermodynamics-trong-kinh-te-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-luat-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-thu-i-the-first-law-of-thermodynamics-trong-kinh-te-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 I (The first law of thermodynamics) trong kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: khanacademy)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 I<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 I<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0:\u00a0The first law of thermodynamics.<\/b><\/p>\n

Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 I<\/b>: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, n\u00ean ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y khi t\u00ednh theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hai qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 1.<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 1 cho ta th\u1ea5y:\u00a0<\/p>\n

M = Rp + Rc = G + Rp \u2013 Rp’ \u2013 Rc’\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u (M) b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra (G) c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Rp tr\u1eeb \u0111i ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Rp’ v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 Rc’.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 3 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m M v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ea3m G: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 do n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 khi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i do m\u1ed7i \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u1ea3i ra \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u0103ng n\u00ean t\u1ed5ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u0103ng l\u00ean);\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 khi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i d\u1ea7n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ea3m Rp: c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 1 l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u00edt g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (G). S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m G bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i cao sang t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– T\u0103ng (Rp’+ Rc’): kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, TS. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Uy\u1ec3n- TS. \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 H\u1ea1nh- ThS Ho\u00e0ng \u0110inh Th\u1ea3o Vy,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc M\u1edf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 I (ti\u1ebfng Anh: The first law of thermodynamics) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26170"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26170"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26170\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}