{"id":26173,"date":"2023-12-07T02:26:13","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:26:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kinh-te-tai-nguyen-va-moi-truong-environmental-and-resource-economics-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:30:17","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:30:17","slug":"kinh-te-tai-nguyen-va-moi-truong-environmental-and-resource-economics-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kinh-te-tai-nguyen-va-moi-truong-environmental-and-resource-economics-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Environmental and Resource Economics) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: framboisechocolatandco)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0Environmental and Resource Economics.<\/b><\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 sao cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan kinh\u00a0t\u1ebf \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn (xem h\u00ecnh 1).\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– a) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

– b) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau<\/p>\n

– c) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/p>\n

– d) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00edn t\u1ef1 t\u00fac<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 1: N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e9p k\u00edn<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 hay c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi), n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u) t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y (bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 th\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung quanh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean\u00a0b\u1ecb hao m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c\/v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 I: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

– Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 II: Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u1ed3i (t\u00e1i sinh) 100% nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf:\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u2013 Cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o: c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i \u1edf, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng;<\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u0129, vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, \u0111em l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m vui tinh th\u1ea7n;<\/p>\n

\u2013 H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i,<\/p>\n

Ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, do kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng khan hi\u1ebfm, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf, l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u hay b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp (th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh quan) hay gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c hay h\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, TS. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Uy\u1ec3n- TS. \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 H\u1ea1nh- ThS Ho\u00e0ng \u0110inh Th\u1ea3o Vy,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc M\u1edf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Environmental and Resource Economics) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c qui lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26173"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26173"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26173\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}