{"id":26175,"date":"2023-12-07T02:26:19","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:26:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-luat-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-thu-ii-the-second-law-of-thermodynamics-trong-kinh-te-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:29:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:29:18","slug":"qui-luat-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-thu-ii-the-second-law-of-thermodynamics-trong-kinh-te-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/qui-luat-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-thu-ii-the-second-law-of-thermodynamics-trong-kinh-te-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 II (The second law of thermodynamics) trong kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: khanacademy)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 II<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 II<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0The second law of thermodynamics.<\/b><\/p>\n

Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 II<\/b>: Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u1ed3i (t\u00e1i sinh) 100% nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng (g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n, th\u1ee7y h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i\u2026), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00fat v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 \u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u2026) \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eb7ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 dioxit l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 bay h\u01a1i, dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ea3i ra, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng\u2026\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea3i ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1\u2026 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u0169ng th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hay \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3: (1), (2), (3), (4), (5): c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u00e1i sinh\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u2192 \u00a0th\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hai qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 2.<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 2: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 1 cho ta th\u1ea5y:\u00a0<\/p>\n

M = Rp + Rc = G + Rp \u2013 Rp’ \u2013 Rc’<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u (M) b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra (G) c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Rp tr\u1eeb \u0111i ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Rp’ v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 Rc’.<\/p>\n

Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 I<\/b>: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, TS. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Uy\u1ec3n- TS. \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 H\u1ea1nh- ThS Ho\u00e0ng \u0110inh Th\u1ea3o Vy,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc M\u1edf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)
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\n Qui lu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 II (ti\u1ebfng Anh: The second law of thermodynamics) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26175"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26175"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26175\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}