{"id":26196,"date":"2023-12-07T02:27:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:27:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dinh-li-coase-coase-theorem-ve-quyen-so-huu-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:29:38","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:29:38","slug":"dinh-li-coase-coase-theorem-ve-quyen-so-huu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dinh-li-coase-coase-theorem-ve-quyen-so-huu-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ed Coase (Coase theorem) v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: intelligenteconomist)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ed Coase<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ed Coase<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0Coase theorem.<\/b><\/p>\n

Coase ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ed: vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng hay nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang trong quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau, m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “thu h\u1eb9p” ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng do c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn l\u1eadp n\u00ean (th\u00ed d\u1ee5 Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hay ASEAN).\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Coase ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ed ti\u1ebfp theo: quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kinh doanh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn hay b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u khi chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i hay tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 l\u1edbn.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Coase d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh do c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 h\u01a1n qua th\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t hoang \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi – Robinson Crusoe v\u00e0 Friday<\/span>. Robinson nu\u00f4i b\u00f2 v\u00e0 Friday<\/span> tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eafp.\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Robinson x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i b\u1eafp c\u1ee7a Friday<\/span>. Friday<\/span> c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o (tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng) quanh v\u01b0\u1eddn b\u1eafp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong khi thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do b\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Robinson g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 50 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng hay kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao hai b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau: Friday<\/span> kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, c\u00f2n Robinson s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 cho Friday<\/span> 50 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ronald Coase, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Anh (\u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u0103m 1993) g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Theo Coase, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00ec c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu Robinson bi\u1ebft chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Friday<\/span> l\u00e0 100 tri\u1ec7u, Robinson c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng 20 tri\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i hay c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n y\u1ebfu, Friday<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y (thi\u1ec7t 50 – 20 = 30 tri\u1ec7u), v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd thi\u1ec7t 100 – 50 = 50 tri\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, hay chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch (transaction cost).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch<\/b> bao g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i: chi ph\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin – \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng tin; v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c thi. C\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec giao d\u1ecbch c\u00e0ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3p \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh b\u1ea1ch (gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin), th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o (gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Kinh t\u1ebf Lu\u1eadt, L\u00ea N\u1ebft, 2006, NXB Tri th\u1ee9c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ed Coase (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Coase theorem) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4n kinh t\u1ebf lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh do c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26196"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26196"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26196\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}