{"id":26207,"date":"2023-12-07T02:27:29","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/gia-san-price-floor-trong-kinh-te-vi-mo-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:41:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:41:48","slug":"gia-san-price-floor-trong-kinh-te-vi-mo-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/gia-san-price-floor-trong-kinh-te-vi-mo-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n (Price Floor) trong kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: Price Floor.<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qui \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ra gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung \u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n – v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 – cao h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua, b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. Nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a), nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00ec v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd kh\u1ea5m kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 1: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khi c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

H\u00ecnh 1 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m E, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u DL v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung SL v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eaft nhau. M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 w*, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 L*.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 w1 cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng w*. T\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng w1, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh LD1, trong khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh LS1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0 cung l\u00e0 (LS1 – LD1). L\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 cung n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng w1 song l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 “kh\u1eed” l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 cung n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, song n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nh\u1edd ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u00edt h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc (LD1 so v\u1edbi L*).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng l\u00ean (trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia tr\u00ean th\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p). Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 L* cao h\u01a1n LD1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, do tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 cung, th\u1ebf m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung \u1ee9ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n xin vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf Vi m\u00f4, PGS.TS. Ph\u00ed M\u1ea1nh H\u1ed3ng, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c Gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Price Floor) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u – cung.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26207"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26207"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26207\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}