{"id":26241,"date":"2023-12-07T02:29:17","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thuyet-lua-chon-xa-hoi-social-choice-theory-la-gi-vi-du-ve-thuyet-lua-chon-xa-hoi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:49:23","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:49:23","slug":"thuyet-lua-chon-xa-hoi-social-choice-theory-la-gi-vi-du-ve-thuyet-lua-chon-xa-hoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thuyet-lua-chon-xa-hoi-social-choice-theory-la-gi-vi-du-ve-thuyet-lua-chon-xa-hoi.html","title":{"rendered":"Thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Social Choice Theory) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0Social Choice Theory.<\/b><\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/i>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf xem x\u00e9t li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Kenneth Arrow, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1951.<\/p>\n

Nicolas de Condorcet \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/i>trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn n\u0103m 1785. B\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ed b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ed, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb c\u00e1o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i hay kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Condorcet \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Condorcet d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 phi l\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3, Condorcet \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/i>\u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t qui t\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u1edf th\u00edch, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc t\u1ed1t. Thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/b> xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

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V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. Arrow ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m: T\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00ed b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a Arrow tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t trong 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/font><\/h3>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(Theo investopedia)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Social Choice Theory) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf xem x\u00e9t li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26241"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26241"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26241\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}