{"id":26302,"date":"2023-12-07T02:31:12","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cac-cong-cu-dieu-tiet-cung-tien-monetary-policy-tools-cua-ngan-hang-trung-uong-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:54:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:54:56","slug":"cac-cong-cu-dieu-tiet-cung-tien-monetary-policy-tools-cua-ngan-hang-trung-uong-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cac-cong-cu-dieu-tiet-cung-tien-monetary-policy-tools-cua-ngan-hang-trung-uong-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft cung ti\u1ec1n (Monetary Policy Tools) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: finance)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft cung ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft cung ti\u1ec1n <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 monetary policy tools.<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft cung ti\u1ec1n<\/b> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cung ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m: nghi\u1eb9\u0302p vu\u0323 thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng m\u01a1\u0309, ca\u0301c qui \u0111i\u0323nh v\u00ea\u0300 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c, la\u0303i su\u00e2\u0301t chi\u00ea\u0301t kh\u00e2\u0301u (la\u0303i su\u00e2\u0301t cho ca\u0301c nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng thu\u031bo\u031bng ma\u0323i vay).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/font><\/h3>\n

– Nghi\u1eb9\u0302p vu\u0323 thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng m\u01a1\u0309<\/b><\/p>\n

Nghi\u1eb9\u0302p vu\u0323 thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng m\u01a1\u0309 lie\u0302n quan \u0111\u00ea\u0301n vi\u1eb9\u0302c mua va\u0300 ba\u0301n ch\u01b0\u0301ng khoa\u0301n cu\u0309a nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng. Giao di\u0323ch ch\u01b0\u0301ng khoa\u0301n cu\u0309a nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng la\u0300m thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 ti\u00ea\u0300n: Vi\u1eb9\u0302c mua la\u0300m ta\u0306ng co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 ti\u00ea\u0300n, va\u0300 vi\u1eb9\u0302c ba\u0301n la\u0300m gia\u0309m co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 ti\u00ea\u0300n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tra\u0301i la\u0323i, giao di\u0323ch gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c ta\u0300i chi\u0301nh, ca\u0301c ha\u0303ng kinh doanh, ho\u1ea1\u0306c ca\u0301 nha\u0302n \u0111o\u031bn thu\u00e2\u0300n chi\u0309 ta\u0301i pha\u0302n ph\u00f4\u0301i lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 ti\u00ea\u0300n s\u0103\u0303n co\u0301 trong n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 ma\u0300 kho\u0302ng la\u0300m thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i t\u00f4\u0309ng co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 ti\u00ea\u0300n.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c<\/b><\/p>\n

Nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng cu\u0303ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng t\u01a1\u0301i cung \u01b0\u0301ng ti\u00ea\u0300n t\u1eb9\u0302 tho\u0302ng qua t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c la\u0300 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 t\u00f4\u0301i thi\u00ea\u0309u ma\u0300 ca\u0301c nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng thu\u031bo\u031bng ma\u0323i pha\u0309i duy tri\u0300 theo qui \u0111i\u0323nh cu\u0309a nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c a\u0309nh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300n ma\u0300 h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0323o ra t\u01b0\u0300 m\u00f4\u0303i \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u01b0\u0323 gia ta\u0306ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c ha\u0300m y\u0301 ca\u0301c nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng pha\u0309i d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 nhi\u00ea\u0300u ho\u031bn, do \u0111o\u0301 cho vay i\u0301t ho\u031bn t\u01b0\u0300 m\u00f4\u0303i \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng ma\u0300 no\u0301 nh\u1ea1\u0302n \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c du\u031b\u01a1\u0301i da\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300n g\u01b0\u0309i. K\u00ea\u0301t qua\u0309 la\u0300, no\u0301 la\u0300m ta\u0306ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303, la\u0300m gia\u0309m s\u00f4\u0301 nha\u0302n ti\u00ea\u0300n va\u0300 la\u0300m gia\u0309m cung ti\u00ea\u0300n. Ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0323c la\u0323i, bi\u1eb9\u0302n pha\u0301p c\u0103\u0301t gia\u0309m t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c la\u0300m ta\u0306ng s\u00f4\u0301 nha\u0302n ti\u00ea\u0300n va\u0300 cung ti\u00ea\u0300n.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u0300n chung, ca\u0301c nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng r\u00e2\u0301t i\u0301t khi thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c b\u01a1\u0309i vi\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i thu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng xuye\u0302n co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300m gia\u0301n \u0111oa\u0323n hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng kinh doanh cu\u0309a nga\u0300nh nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u0301 du\u0323, khi nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng ta\u0306ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c, m\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng nh\u1ea1\u0302n th\u00e2\u0301y ho\u0323 bi\u0323 thi\u00ea\u0301u hu\u0323t d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303, m\u1ea1\u0306c du\u0300 ho\u0323 kho\u0302ng th\u00e2\u0301y co\u0301 s\u01b0\u0323 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng na\u0300o trong ti\u00ea\u0300n g\u01b0\u0309i. Trong tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p nhu\u031b v\u1ea1\u0302y, ho\u0323 pha\u0309i t\u01b0\u0300 ch\u00f4\u0301i cho vay cho \u0111\u00ea\u0301n khi ta\u0323o ra \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c \u0111u\u0309 m\u01b0\u0301c d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 theo qui \u0111i\u0323nh m\u01a1\u0301i.<\/p>\n

– La\u0303i su\u00e2\u0301t chi\u00ea\u0301t kh\u00e2\u0301u<\/b><\/p>\n

Co\u0302ng cu\u0323 th\u01b0\u0301 ba ma\u0300 nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t cung ti\u00ea\u0300n la\u0300 la\u0303i su\u00e2\u0301t chi\u00ea\u0301t kh\u00e2\u0301u, t\u01b0\u0301c la\u0303i su\u00e2\u0301t ma\u0300 nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng a\u0301p du\u0323ng khi cho ca\u0301c nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng thu\u031bo\u031bng ma\u0323i vay ti\u00ea\u0300n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi kho\u0302ng \u0111u\u0309 d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 b\u0103\u0301t bu\u1ecd\u0302c, nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng thu\u031bo\u031bng ma\u0323i pha\u0309i vay ti\u00ea\u0300n cu\u0309a nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng. Ti\u0300nh hu\u00f4\u0301ng na\u0300y co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 xa\u0309y ra b\u01a1\u0309i vi\u0300 nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng \u0111a\u0303 cho vay qua\u0301 nhi\u00ea\u0300u ho\u1ea1\u0306c b\u01a1\u0309i vi\u0300 co\u0301 qua\u0301 nhi\u00ea\u0300u ca\u0301c khoa\u0309n ti\u00ea\u0300n \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ru\u0301t ra.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng cho m\u1ecd\u0302t nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng vay ti\u00ea\u0300n, h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng se\u0303 co\u0301 nhi\u00ea\u0300u d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 ho\u031bn va\u0300 ho\u0323 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0323o ra nhi\u00ea\u0300u ti\u00ea\u0300n ho\u031bn.<\/p>\n

Nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i cung \u01b0\u0301ng ti\u00ea\u0300n t\u1eb9\u0302 b\u0103\u0300ng ca\u0301ch thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i la\u0303i su\u00e2\u0301t chi\u00ea\u0301t kh\u00e2\u0301u. La\u0303i su\u00e2\u0301t chi\u00ea\u0301t kh\u00e2\u0301u ca\u0300ng cao, ca\u0301c nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng ca\u0300ng i\u0301t vay ti\u00ea\u0300n cu\u0309a nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 bu\u0300 \u0111\u0103\u0301p d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i, \u0111\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111a\u0301p \u01b0\u0301ng \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c nhu c\u00e2\u0300u ru\u0301t ti\u00ea\u0300n cu\u0309a kha\u0301ch ha\u0300ng trong khi i\u0301t vay ti\u00ea\u0300n ho\u031bn t\u01b0\u0300 nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng, ca\u0301c nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng thu\u031bo\u031bng ma\u0323i co\u0301 xu hu\u031b\u01a1\u0301ng ta\u0306ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 va\u0300 la\u0300m gia\u0309m s\u00f4\u0301 nha\u0302n ti\u00ea\u0300n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u01a1\u0309i v\u1ea1\u0302y, bi\u1eb9\u0302n pha\u0301p ta\u0306ng la\u0303i su\u00e2\u0301t chi\u00ea\u0301t kh\u00e2\u0301u co\u0301 xu hu\u031b\u01a1\u0301ng la\u0300m gia\u0309m co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 ti\u00ea\u0300n va\u0300 s\u00f4\u0301 nha\u0302n ti\u00ea\u0300n, d\u00e2\u0303n \u0111\u00ea\u0301n cung \u01b0\u0301ng ti\u00ea\u0300n t\u1eb9\u0302 gia\u0309m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0323c la\u0323i, bi\u1eb9\u0302n pha\u0301p gia\u0309m la\u0303i su\u00e2\u0301t chi\u00ea\u0301t kh\u00e2\u0301u se\u0303 khuy\u00ea\u0301n khi\u0301ch ca\u0301c nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng vay ti\u00ea\u0300n nhi\u00ea\u0300u ti\u00ea\u0300n ho\u031bn t\u01b0\u0300 nga\u0302n ha\u0300ng trung u\u031bo\u031bng va\u0300 d\u01b0\u0323 tr\u01b0\u0303 v\u01a1\u0301i t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7<\/span> th\u00e2\u0301p ho\u031bn, d\u00e2\u0303n t\u01a1\u0301i co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 ti\u00ea\u0300n va\u0300 s\u00f4\u0301 nha\u0302n ti\u00ea\u0300n ta\u0306ng va\u0300 cung \u01b0\u0301ng ti\u00ea\u0300n t\u1eb9\u0302 ta\u0306ng.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, \u0110H Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft cung ti\u1ec1n (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Monetary Policy Tools) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cung ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26302"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26302"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26302\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}