{"id":26355,"date":"2023-12-07T02:33:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/so-nhan-chi-tieu-expenditure-multiplier-la-gi-xac-dinh-so-nhan-chi-tieu.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:52:11","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:52:11","slug":"so-nhan-chi-tieu-expenditure-multiplier-la-gi-xac-dinh-so-nhan-chi-tieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/so-nhan-chi-tieu-expenditure-multiplier-la-gi-xac-dinh-so-nhan-chi-tieu.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau (Expenditure multiplier) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: GooglePlay<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

S\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau (Expenditure multiplier)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Expenditure multiplier<\/b>. S\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau<\/font><\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1:\u00a0Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n<\/b><\/p>\n

– N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m hai khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e3ng kinh doanh (doanh nghi\u1ec7p).<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng kinh doanh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn chi ti\u00eau, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

AD = C + I<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

C l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

I l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hai h\u00e0m l\u00e0 h\u00e0m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (C) v\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (I).<\/p>\n

Thay h\u00e0m C v\u00e0 I v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, ta c\u00f3<\/p>\n

AD1<\/sub>\u00a0=\u00a0C\u0305 + \u012a + MPC x Y + MPI x Y<\/p>\n

AD1<\/sub>\u00a0=\u00a0C\u0305 + \u012a + (MPC + MPI) x Y<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa \u00fd: Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n Y = Yd do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m C \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n theo Y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau, ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a: AD = Y, thay y v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/b><\/p>\n

m: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n cho ta bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o MPC v\u00e0 MPI<\/p>\n

m > 1 v\u00ec 0 < MPC + MPI < 1<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m, khi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u0394AD hay (\u0394C + \u0394I) \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00ec s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0\u00a0\u0394Y g\u1ea5p m l\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng
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– N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 ba t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf: h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u00e3ng kinh doanh v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tham gia v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi hai h\u00e0nh vi: chi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

AD = C + I + G<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng ngo\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (C), h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (I) c\u00f2n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0m chi ti\u00eau mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (G) v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

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S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a: AD = Y, thay y v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

m’: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng lu\u00f4n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n hay m’ < m.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng t\u0103ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thu nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 3: Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edf<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

AD = C + I + G + NX<\/p>\n

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T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edf.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/b><\/p>\n

m” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edf.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edf (m”) lu\u00f4n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng (m’).<\/p>\n

D\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y, s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edf\u00a0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean MPM, v\u00ec v\u1eady khi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y t\u0103ng, th\u00ec m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edf s\u1ebd t\u0103ng theo, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m” gi\u1ea3m, suy cho c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m thu nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n S\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Expenditure multiplier, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26355"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26355\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}