{"id":26372,"date":"2023-12-07T02:33:37","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:33:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nghich-li-tiet-kiem-paradox-of-thrift-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:36:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:36:00","slug":"nghich-li-tiet-kiem-paradox-of-thrift-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nghich-li-tiet-kiem-paradox-of-thrift-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m (Paradox of Thrift) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: learningmarkets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m (Paradox of Thrift)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Paradox of Thrift<\/b>. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c chi ti\u00eau hay t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

(Theo T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)
<\/i><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t ra r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi k\u00ec v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc vi m\u00f4 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh John Maynard Keynes.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

Khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho thu nh\u1eadp gi\u1ea3m, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/font><\/h3>\n

Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u00edt ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, mong mu\u1ed1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u00edt \u0111i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch xu\u1ed1ng v\u00ec: khi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn cao h\u01a1n thu nh\u1eadp d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, thu nh\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m \u0111i – v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n cho t\u1edbi khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u00e8o \u0111i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:\u00a0<\/p>\n

Y = (C +\u00a0\u012a )\/ MPS<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0\u00a0\u0394C, v\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn n\u00ean ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0\u00a0\u0394S. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u0394Y = -\u0394S\/MPS<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng S l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee1 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed n\u00e0y: c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap ta l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00eam v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ed1t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngu xu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m khi cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t cho c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean ch\u00fat n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef “c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng” v\u00e0 “th\u1ef1c c\u00f3” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, n\u00f3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng, khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p \u0111i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean ch\u00fat n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0, c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec suy tho\u00e1i hay to\u00e0n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u00ec to\u00e0n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0ng d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1ed1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ec9 khi m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c to\u00e0n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ti\u00eat ki\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m<\/i> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00e2m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec suy tho\u00e1i, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec suy tho\u00e1i th\u00ec n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Paradox of Thrift) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c chi ti\u00eau hay t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26372"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26372"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26372\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}