{"id":26380,"date":"2023-12-07T02:33:51","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:33:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/do-co-gian-cua-cau-theo-gia-price-elasticity-of-demand-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:54:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:54:18","slug":"do-co-gian-cua-cau-theo-gia-price-elasticity-of-demand-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/do-co-gian-cua-cau-theo-gia-price-elasticity-of-demand-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u theo gi\u00e1 (Price Elasticity of Demand) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: slideshare.net<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u theo gi\u00e1 (Price Elasticity of Demand)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u<\/b> theo gi\u00e1<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Price Elasticity of Demand<\/b>. \u0110\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u theo gi\u00e1<\/i> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

– C\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 co gi\u00e3n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh khi gi\u00e1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng co gi\u00e3n n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt\u00a0ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi gi\u00e1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a co gi\u00e3n hay kh\u00f4ng co gi\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c co gi\u00e3n nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt?<\/p>\n

Do nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng co gi\u00e3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, c\u00f2n h\u00e0ng xa x\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u co gi\u00e3n m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u co gi\u00e3n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang sang h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co gi\u00e3n<\/b>. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co gi\u00e3n <\/i>ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u chia cho ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed 10% thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 l\u00e0m cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bia m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mua gi\u1ea3m 20%, ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u = -20%\/10% = -2<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng 2 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p hai l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa \u00fd<\/b><\/p>\n

Do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u lu\u00f4n tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u theo gi\u00e1 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh co gi\u00e3n kho\u1ea3ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Co gi\u00e3n kho\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 co gi\u00e3n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u, ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1 trung \u0111i\u1ec3m. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m (P1,Q1) v\u00e0 (P2,Q2) nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

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Trong \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

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Hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh co gi\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/font><\/span><\/h3>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Co gi\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 co\u00a0gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u, theo \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 co\u00a0gi\u00e3n\u00a0t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n

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V\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0<\/font><\/b><\/h3>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m A c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 2.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 120 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111i\u1ec3m B c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 3.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 80 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1% th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m 1%.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4, NXB H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \u0110\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u theo gi\u00e1 (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Price Elasticity of Demand) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26380"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26380"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26380\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}