{"id":26416,"date":"2023-12-07T02:34:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:34:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/con-nguoi-kinh-te-homo-economicus-la-gi-nguon-goc-cua-con-nguoi-kinh-te.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:41:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:41:51","slug":"con-nguoi-kinh-te-homo-economicus-la-gi-nguon-goc-cua-con-nguoi-kinh-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/con-nguoi-kinh-te-homo-economicus-la-gi-nguon-goc-cua-con-nguoi-kinh-te.html","title":{"rendered":"Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf (Homo Economicus) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: phantichkinhte123.files.wordpress.com)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf (Homo Economicus)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Homo Economicus<\/b> hay\u00a0economic human.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf<\/i> l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 phi ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00ed\u00a0trong vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 “con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n n\u1eefa” (\u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh phi l\u00ed\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf<\/font><\/b><\/h3>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a John Stuart Mills v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1836. B\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kinh t\u1ebf Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 n\u00f3” \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng g\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Mills l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sinh ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf theo Mills c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. Theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Mills n\u1ebfu b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 s\u1edf th\u00edch xa x\u1ec9 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng l\u00ed\u00a0thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. Daniel Kahneman, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed\u00a0h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Israel t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel, v\u00e0 Amos Tversky, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi v\u1edbi b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u0103m 1979 “L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro”.<\/p>\n

Kahneman v\u00e0 Tversky \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00e1c c\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t li\u00ean quan. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf<\/i> v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed\u00a0b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi \u00e1c c\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Kahneman v\u00e0 Tversky nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1.000 \u0111\u00f4 la ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 50% c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2.500 \u0111\u00f4 la, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn 1.000 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf<\/i> l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t doanh nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf <\/b>mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00ed\u00a0thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00ed\u00a0do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00ed\u00a0n\u00ean bu\u1ed9c r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh doanh h\u1ee3p l\u00ed\u00a0ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng xa x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a l\u00ed\u00a0thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: investopedia.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Homo Economicus) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26416"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26416"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26416\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}