{"id":26418,"date":"2023-12-07T02:35:03","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-khu-vuc-tien-te-toi-uu-optimum-currency-area-theory-la-gi-vi-du-trong-thuc-te.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:54:57","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:54:57","slug":"li-thuyet-khu-vuc-tien-te-toi-uu-optimum-currency-area-theory-la-gi-vi-du-trong-thuc-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-khu-vuc-tien-te-toi-uu-optimum-currency-area-theory-la-gi-vi-du-trong-thuc-te.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (Optimum Currency Area Theory) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0Optimum Currency Area Theory<\/b>, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 OCA Theory.<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u <\/i>ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 chung. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n thay v\u00ec m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb mang v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/i> v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Robert Mundell, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Abba Lerner. M\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, hay c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/font><\/h3>\n

1. M\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do trong to\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

2. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

3. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nan gi\u1ea3i, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

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4. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tham gia c\u00f3 chu k\u00ec kinh doanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1\u00a0khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/font><\/h4>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng euro l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft\u00a0khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/i> \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng 4 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Mundell v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed3ng euro v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991. Theo h\u1ecd, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft\u00a0khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/b> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 khi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng euro.<\/p>\n

Theo Li\u00ean minh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ireland, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y v\u1ed1n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, do kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch. Ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

(Theo investopedia)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Optimum Currency Area Theory, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: OCA Theory) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 chung nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean d\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26418"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26418"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26418\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}