{"id":26426,"date":"2023-12-07T02:35:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-nhi-nguyen-arthur-lewis-dualism-la-gi-cac-huong-phat-trien.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:42:11","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:42:11","slug":"li-thuyet-nhi-nguyen-arthur-lewis-dualism-la-gi-cac-huong-phat-trien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-nhi-nguyen-arthur-lewis-dualism-la-gi-cac-huong-phat-trien.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean (Arthur Lewis’ Dualism) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: interaliamag)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L\u00ed\u00a0thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Arthur Lewis’ Dualism.<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y do A. Lewis ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng. L\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 hai khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf song song t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Khu v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng,<\/b> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u00ean t\u1ebf xem nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba;<\/p>\n

– Khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i <\/b>c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n n\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu h\u00fat lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n sang, v\u00e0 do lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 ng\u00e0nh c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng;\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb L\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thu h\u00fat h\u00fat h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft<\/font><\/h3>\n

– L\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Lewis ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh t\u1ebf gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (nh\u01b0 G. Ranis, J Fei, Harris) kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 do ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 thu nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf tr\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cao h\u01a1n 30% so v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa hai khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng khi ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 k\u00e9o theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong kh\u01b0 v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n cung c\u1ea7u th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1 tr\u00ean L\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb (khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) m\u00e0 Todaro l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb khi t\u1ed5ng cung v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch thu nh\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u00ea c\u1ee7a hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c L\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf,\u00a0Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Arthur Lewis’ Dualism) do A. Lewis ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 hai khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf song song t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26426"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26426"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26426\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}