{"id":26550,"date":"2023-12-07T02:40:13","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:40:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tang-thong-tin-information-cascades-trong-kinh-te-hoc-hanh-vi-la-gi-thu-nghiem-ve-tang-thong-tin.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:42:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:42:12","slug":"tang-thong-tin-information-cascades-trong-kinh-te-hoc-hanh-vi-la-gi-thu-nghiem-ve-tang-thong-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tang-thong-tin-information-cascades-trong-kinh-te-hoc-hanh-vi-la-gi-thu-nghiem-ve-tang-thong-tin.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin (Information Cascades) trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin (Information Cascades)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Information Cascades.<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0Trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/i>, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau.\u00a0Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 M, N, O v\u00e0 P. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi hai l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

M l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a anh ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng M ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

N l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng M \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng O b\u1ecf qua hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00ec c\u1ea3 N v\u00e0 M \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/i>. O ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin.<\/i><\/p>\n

P quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a M, N v\u00e0 O v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng\u00a0th\u00f4ng tin<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a anh ta th\u1ea5y anh ta khoe khoang v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/i> t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hay l\u00ed do g\u00ec c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ta\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng d\u00f5i theo c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n tin ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/i> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ea7m k\u00edn th\u00ec t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin<\/b> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: investopedia.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n T\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng tin (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Information Cascades) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26550"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26550"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26550\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}