{"id":26617,"date":"2023-12-07T02:42:42","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nen-kinh-te-ke-hoach-hoa-planned-economy-la-gi-thanh-phan-kinh-te-va-co-che-hoat-dong.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:54:39","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:54:39","slug":"nen-kinh-te-ke-hoach-hoa-planned-economy-la-gi-thanh-phan-kinh-te-va-co-che-hoat-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nen-kinh-te-ke-hoach-hoa-planned-economy-la-gi-thanh-phan-kinh-te-va-co-che-hoat-dong.html","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a (Planned Economy) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: WallPick – Best Wallpapers 4K)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a (Planned Economy)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <\/b><\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Planned Economy<\/b>.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a<\/b> (hay n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 huy) l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quan h\u1ec7 cung c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Quan h\u1ec7 cung c\u1ea7u<\/font><\/h3>\n

– C\u1ea7u trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

– Khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u th\u00ec cung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean b\u00e0n giao xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc giao cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. \u0110\u00f2n b\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u1ea1ng: khen th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eafm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch giao nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (c\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng), giao quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 giao n\u1ed9p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t kh\u00e2u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00fang cho ai v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ec v\u1eady doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eadp kho, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng lo h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a do h\u1ecd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 bao nhi\u00eau. <\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch quan<\/font><\/h3>\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung hay kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec Hitle, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 \u2013 1970, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. <\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, khi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n d\u1ed1c s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (theo h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea3 Karl Marx v\u00e0 F. Engels) ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t cao (l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau), khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 huy s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf Th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i \u2013 NXB X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Planned Economy) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 thu nh\u1eadp.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26617"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26617"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26617\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26617"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}