{"id":26648,"date":"2023-12-07T03:01:01","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:01:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-thuong-mai-trade-theory-la-gi-cac-kenh-lan-toa-kien-thuc.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:35:24","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:35:24","slug":"li-thuyet-thuong-mai-trade-theory-la-gi-cac-kenh-lan-toa-kien-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-thuong-mai-trade-theory-la-gi-cac-kenh-lan-toa-kien-thuc.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (Trade theory) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c k\u00eanh lan to\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: bostonchefs)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Trade theory.<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Total-Factor Productivity – TFP).<\/p>\n

Theo Melitz (2003); Bernard v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2003); Helpman v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 ( 2004) n\u1ebfu xem TFP l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong TFP l\u00e0 do ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00ec l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft<\/span> th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i <\/b>cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft<\/span> n\u00e0y th\u00ec tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan t\u1ecfa th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– K\u00eanh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. <\/b>Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– K\u00eanh th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua FDI<\/b> (Borensztein v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 1998). Theo \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n FDI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c do FDI mang l\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c lan t\u1ecfa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c do chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u qui tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, b\u00ed m\u1eadt kinh doanh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng FDI l\u00ean TFP v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadn FDI \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129 m\u00f4.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– K\u00eanh th\u1ee9 ba<\/b> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft<\/span> th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 Grossman and Helpman (1991) v\u00e0 Barro (1996), Edwards (1997) v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

Cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00ean t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng TFP.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Dollar v\u00e0 Kraay (2004) t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf theo qui m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u0129 m\u00f4, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng; th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t (Chang v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2005).<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: C\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn TFP, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Duy T\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Trade theory) cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26648"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26648"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26648\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}