{"id":26676,"date":"2023-12-07T03:02:30","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/bi-kich-cua-tai-nguyen-chung-tragedy-of-the-commons-la-gi-vi-du-ve-bi-kich-cua-tai-nguyen-chung.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:42:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:42:51","slug":"bi-kich-cua-tai-nguyen-chung-tragedy-of-the-commons-la-gi-vi-du-ve-bi-kich-cua-tai-nguyen-chung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/bi-kich-cua-tai-nguyen-chung-tragedy-of-the-commons-la-gi-vi-du-ve-bi-kich-cua-tai-nguyen-chung.html","title":{"rendered":"Bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung (Tragedy Of The Commons) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Ted Ed<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0Tragedy Of The Commons.<\/b><\/p>\n

Bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u00f9 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai kh\u1ecfi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n cung, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung <\/i>x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecf b\u00ea s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung trong kinh t\u1ebf<\/font><\/h2>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh trong ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung<\/i> x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i khan hi\u1ebfm, v\u00ec h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng khan hi\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh trong ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng do lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra <\/i>bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung<\/b>. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t n\u00f3, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, do h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung<\/font><\/h4>\n

Ng\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Grand Banks ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Newfoundland l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung. Trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m, ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u1edbi c\u00e1 tuy\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2u bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1 t\u00f9y th\u00edch do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1edfi chu k\u00ec sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 tuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, khi\u1ebfn cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 tuy\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh; do sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 tuy\u1ebft c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft trong m\u00f9a ti\u1ebfp theo.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec qui \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 tuy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 tuy\u1ebft trong khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

(Theo investopedia)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Tragedy Of The Commons) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong kinh t\u1ebf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26676"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26676"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26676\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}