{"id":26678,"date":"2023-12-07T03:02:37","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/van-de-ke-an-khong-free-rider-problem-trong-kinh-te-hoc-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:38:03","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:38:03","slug":"van-de-ke-an-khong-free-rider-problem-trong-kinh-te-hoc-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/van-de-ke-an-khong-free-rider-problem-trong-kinh-te-hoc-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng (Free Rider Problem) trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: soapboxie.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0Free Rider Problem.<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng <\/i>trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n g\u00e2y qu\u0129 ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nghe \u0111\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u00f9ng chung so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 \u00edt h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng<\/i> ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. K\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a chung v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sinh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng <\/i>trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

– Khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Khi kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

– Khi ai \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec n\u00f3, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng <\/i>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng<\/b> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, thu\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb chi ph\u00ed cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, v\u00e0 thu ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Theo th\u1eddi gian ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ecb tha, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u1ecf cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

(Theo investopedia)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0103n kh\u00f4ng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Free Rider Problem) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26678"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26678"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26678\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}