{"id":26745,"date":"2023-12-07T03:05:45","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phat-trien-nong-nghiep-ben-vung-sustainable-agricultural-development-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:37:46","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:37:46","slug":"phat-trien-nong-nghiep-ben-vung-sustainable-agricultural-development-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phat-trien-nong-nghiep-ben-vung-sustainable-agricultural-development-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (Sustainable agricultural development) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: argaam)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0Sustainable agricultural development.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/b> l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111<\/span>\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111<\/span>\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sinh th\u00e1i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111<\/span>\u00f3 \u0111<\/span>\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t: khai th\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t sinh h\u1ecdc; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thu\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt hoang d\u1ea1i; \u0111<\/span>\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/font><\/h3>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 80 \u0111<\/span>\u1ebfn nay, \u0111<\/span>\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i\u00a0quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 80, Douglass G.K ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau:\u00a0<\/p>\n

(1) Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 1: Quan ni\u1ec7m, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf – k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111<\/span>\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo con \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 2: N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sinh th\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111<\/span>\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 3: N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh \u0111<\/span>\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111<\/span>\u00f3 xem nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 80 qua U\u1ef7 ban ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 1987 cho r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111<\/span>\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111<\/span>\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111<\/span>\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf tr\u00ecnh \u0111<\/span>\u1ed9 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u1edf th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111<\/span>\u1ec3 \u0111<\/span>em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111<\/span>\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111<\/span>\u00e2y c\u00f3 quan \u0111<\/span>i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ropetto 1987 \u0111<\/span>\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n ngh\u00e8o \u0111<\/span>\u00f3i, c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gia t\u0103ng \u0111<\/span>\u1ee7 \u0111<\/span>\u1ec3 \u0111<\/span>\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111<\/span>\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Theo TAC\/CGIAR, 1989 tr\u00edch t\u1eeb Chantalakhana: N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111<\/span>\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u lu\u00f4n thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong khi duy tr\u00ec hay t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

U\u1ef7 ban t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (Technical Advisory committee \u2013TAC, 1989) \u0111<\/span>\u1ec1 ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng n\u00ean l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tr\u00ecnh \u0111<\/span>\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111<\/span>\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nijkamp, Bergh v\u00e0 Soetoman 1990 cho r\u1eb1ng “s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111<\/span>\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pearce v\u00e0 Turner 1990 cho r\u1eb1ng “s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i \u0111<\/span>a ho\u00e1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c qui lu\u1eadt trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.”<\/p>\n

Theo Crosson & Anderson, 1993: M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111<\/span>\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111<\/span>\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 \u0103n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0TS. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Song – TS. V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee5y, 2006, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n

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<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Sustainable agricultural development) l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26745"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26745"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26745\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}