{"id":26752,"date":"2023-12-07T03:06:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phuong-phap-danh-gia-thi-truong-theo-tac-dong-vat-li-market-valuation-of-physical-effects-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:37:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:37:47","slug":"phuong-phap-danh-gia-thi-truong-theo-tac-dong-vat-li-market-valuation-of-physical-effects-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phuong-phap-danh-gia-thi-truong-theo-tac-dong-vat-li-market-valuation-of-physical-effects-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed (Market valuation of Physical effects) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: brasaosistemas)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0:\u00a0Market valuation of Physical effects- MVPE.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed<\/b> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 sau \u0111<\/span>\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh xem nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cu\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a MVPE\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

a) H\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (dose response function)\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111<\/span>o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111<\/span>\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111<\/span>o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111<\/span>\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111<\/span>\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111<\/span>\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111<\/span>\u1ebfn \u0111<\/span>\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng (x\u00f3i m\u00f2n \u0111<\/span>\u1ea5t).\u00a0<\/p>\n

b) H\u00e0m t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i (damage fuctions)\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111<\/span>\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u1ea3nh\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111<\/span>\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. R\u1ed3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111<\/span>\u1ebfn x\u00f3i m\u00f2n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

c) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (production fuction approach)\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111<\/span>\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Y = F(Xi ,Z)\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111<\/span>\u00f3: Y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c; Xi l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (lao \u0111<\/span>\u1ed9ng, v\u1ed1n, \u0111<\/span>\u1ea5t \u0111<\/span>ai); Z l\u00e0 \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ta gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng, Y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111<\/span>\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111<\/span>o \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c (n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o \u0111<\/span>\u00f3). Trong \u0111<\/span>i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i, trong khi \u0111<\/span>\u00f3 \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Z (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Z s\u1ebd \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

d) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Human capital approach)<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Chi ph\u00ed kinh t\u1ebf \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111<\/span>\u1ed9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MVPE<\/font>\u00a0<\/h3>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111<\/span>\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n)<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadt l\u00ed n\u00e0y t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u ra ho\u1eb7c chi ph\u00ed<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0y<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MVPE\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

– R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111<\/span>\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111<\/span>\u1ebfn \u0111<\/span>\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111<\/span>\u00f3<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/p>\n

– Khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111<\/span>\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c thay \u0111<\/span>\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111<\/span>\u1ed9 co d\u00e3n, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cung, c\u1ea7u, lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 (b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p)<\/p>\n

– Gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf do kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/p>\n

– H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111<\/span>\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch do gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0TS. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Song – TS. V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee5y, 2006, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Market valuation of Physical effects- MVPE) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26752"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26752"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26752\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}