{"id":26754,"date":"2023-12-07T03:06:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/danh-gia-tai-nguyen-moi-truong-environment-and-resources-assessment-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:40:55","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:40:55","slug":"danh-gia-tai-nguyen-moi-truong-environment-and-resources-assessment-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/danh-gia-tai-nguyen-moi-truong-environment-and-resources-assessment-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Environment and Resources assessment) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: pixabay)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<\/b>hay\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0:\u00a0Environment and Resources assessment.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111<\/span>o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed, l\u1ee3i \u00edch (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qui v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n) cho c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111<\/span>\u1ed3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111<\/span>\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111<\/span>\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111<\/span>\u1eb7c th\u00f9.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111<\/span>\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 (Willingness to Pay) cho h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 1. B\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 (WTP)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (WTP) b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 cu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m)<\/p>\n

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Khi so s\u00e1nh WTP v\u00e0 WTA, th\u00ec WTA th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n WTP b\u1edfi v\u00ec: WTA ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111<\/span>\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, chi ph\u00ed ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111<\/span>i\u1ec1u \u0111<\/span>\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m trong quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi WTP.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng?<\/font><\/h3>\n

– Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111<\/span>\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

– H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111<\/span>\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng do c\u00e1c \u0111<\/span>\u1eb7c \u0111<\/span>i\u1ec3m cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb<\/p>\n

– T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean mang r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111<\/span>\u1eb7c \u0111<\/span>i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, \u0111<\/span>\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111<\/span>\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 li\u00ean quan, thay th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed du l\u1ecbch (TCM)<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch (h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c) (Hedonic Pricing Method \u2013HPM)<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed (Market valuation of Physical effects- MVPE)<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng-\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (Contingent Valuation Method (CVM)<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed (Cost Based Valuation)<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ee3i \u00edch (benifit transfer).<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0TS. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Song – TS. V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee5y, 2006, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Environment and Resources assessment) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26754"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26754"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26754\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}