{"id":26806,"date":"2023-12-07T03:08:41","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nguyen-tac-nguoi-gay-o-nhiem-phai-tra-tien-the-polluter-pays-principle-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:54:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:54:21","slug":"nguyen-tac-nguoi-gay-o-nhiem-phai-tra-tien-the-polluter-pays-principle-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nguyen-tac-nguoi-gay-o-nhiem-phai-tra-tien-the-polluter-pays-principle-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ‘Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n’ (The Polluter-Pays Principle) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: jusvivens)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n”<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n”<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0The Polluter-Pays Principle.<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed, thu\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n”<\/b> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, hay ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n) ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd g\u00e2y ra.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay \u0111\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hay c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee7 chi ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n” t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 chi ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 thu\u1ebf \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m\u2026<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n” tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, qui \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf\u2026\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 2 nh\u00f3m l\u00e0: c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/b><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/b><\/p>\n

+ L\u1ec7 ph\u00ed x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

+ Thu\u1ebf \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (thu\u1ebf xanh)<\/p>\n

+ Mua b\u00e1n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (quota)<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/b><\/p>\n

+ Thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/p>\n

+ Thu\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/p>\n

+ Thu\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n

+ Thu\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u\u00a0<\/p>\n

+ H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ed th\u00e1c ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 (K\u00ed qu\u0129 \u2013 ho\u00e0n chi)<\/p>\n

+ L\u1ec7 ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/p>\n

+ L\u1ec7 ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, l\u1ec7 ph\u00ed h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/p>\n

+ Thu\u1ebf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

+\u00a0<\/b>Vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

+ Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1<\/p>\n

+ T\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

+ Kh\u1ea5u hao nhanh<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat v\u1ed1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, TS. L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Uy\u1ec3n – TS. \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 H\u1ea1nh – ThS. Ho\u00e0ng \u0110inh Th\u1ea3o Vy,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc M\u1edf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n\u201d (ti\u1ebfng Anh: The Polluter-Pays Principle) l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26806"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26806"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26806\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}