{"id":26861,"date":"2023-12-07T03:10:35","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chi-phi-bien-marginal-cost-la-gi-cach-tinh-chi-phi-bien.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:42:52","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:42:52","slug":"chi-phi-bien-marginal-cost-la-gi-cach-tinh-chi-phi-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chi-phi-bien-marginal-cost-la-gi-cach-tinh-chi-phi-bien.html","title":{"rendered":"Chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean (Marginal Cost) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: fepimgas)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean<\/b>\u00a0hay chi ph\u00ed c\u1eadn bi\u00ean<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0Marginal Cost.<\/b><\/p>\n

Chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean <\/b>bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng th\u00eam khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ra ho\u1eb7c hi sinh th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c in 300 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 15.000 ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed3ng (t\u1ee9c 15 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng), c\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c in 301 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 15.030 ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 301, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 30 ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c in cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 301 l\u00e0 30 ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 q l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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trong \u0111\u00f3 TCq bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t q \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra, c\u00f2n TC(q-1) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (q-1) \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u00ecnh dung r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng q b\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n

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Trong \u0111\u00f3 \u2206 bi\u1ec3u m\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1. Theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean, khi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong q l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean MC t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng q, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a TC(q) t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng q.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef U: tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra. Khi n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng, chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hay c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng qui m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 sau nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1ec1 sau, khi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai\u00a0th\u00e1c h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n do qui m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed\u00a0hay chi ph\u00ed b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kia.<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 1: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf Vi m\u00f4, PGS.TS. Ph\u00ed M\u1ea1nh H\u1ed3ng, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c Gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Marginal Cost) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o ph\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng th\u00eam khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26861"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26861"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26861\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}