{"id":26871,"date":"2023-12-07T03:10:52","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cau-truc-thi-truong-market-structure-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:44:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:44:05","slug":"cau-truc-thi-truong-market-structure-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cau-truc-thi-truong-market-structure-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Market structure) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: unmarinero)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0Market structure.<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n l\u1eabn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

(Theo C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Duy T\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b>: M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n tham gia tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.\u00a0<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, song d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh\u00a0tranh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, n\u1ebfu ta x\u00e9t t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00f3m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn: Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o: l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n hay m\u1ed7i doanh nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, chi ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1. M\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1, doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/b>: l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n hay doanh nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hay chi ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng), doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o: th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00f3m<\/b> hay th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/b>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, x\u00e9t t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p duy nh\u1ea5t cung \u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00f3m hay \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, chi ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng kinh doanh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, song l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi ph\u1ed1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf Vi m\u00f4, PGS.TS. Ph\u00ed M\u1ea1nh H\u1ed3ng, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c Gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Market structure) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26871"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26871"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26871\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}