{"id":26876,"date":"2023-12-07T03:11:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:11:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/mo-hinh-duong-cau-gay-khuc-kinked-demand-curve-model-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:39:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:39:21","slug":"mo-hinh-duong-cau-gay-khuc-kinked-demand-curve-model-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/mo-hinh-duong-cau-gay-khuc-kinked-demand-curve-model-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u g\u00e3y kh\u00fac (Kinked Demand Curve model) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\n

H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: dreamstime)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u g\u00e3y kh\u00fac\u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u g\u00e3y kh\u00fac<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: Kinked Demand Curve model.<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, khi m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 theo \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Song n\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng gi\u00e1, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean v\u00e0o v\u1ecb th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 q0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 P0 cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng g\u00ec.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y t\u0103ng gi\u00e1, v\u00ec c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 theo n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t\u00a0ph\u00e1t A, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n P0, co gi\u00e3n m\u1ea1nh theo gi\u00e1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 theo khi\u1ebfn cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n P0, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 chung tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u \u00edt co gi\u00e3n h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m A, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n P0.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u D m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n b\u1ecb g\u00e3y kh\u00fac \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m A k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng doanh thu bi\u00ean MR t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng q0. Doanh thu bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng q0 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u D thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u co gi\u00e3n sang ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u k\u00e9m co gi\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u g\u00e3y kh\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng q0 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 P0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng MC c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, khi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng MC d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n song v\u1eabn c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng MR \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng EF d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng q0, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u g\u00e3y kh\u00fac cho th\u1ea5y, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00f3m, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng MC d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n,ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00e0nh MC1, doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\n
<\/div>\n
\n

H\u00ecnh 1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u g\u00e3y kh\u00fac.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u D \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p g\u00e3y kh\u00fac \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m A l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng MR tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng MC ch\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng MR trong kho\u1ea3ng EF, doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u g\u00e3y kh\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 P0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00f3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i khi n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u1eady, m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t P0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo ki\u1ec3u tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a hay tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay chi ph\u00ed chung c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft P0 m\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u g\u00e3y kh\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i doanh nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1 P0 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf Vi m\u00f4, PGS.TS. Ph\u00ed M\u1ea1nh H\u1ed3ng, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c Gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u g\u00e3y kh\u00fac (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Kinked Demand Curve model) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00f3m.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26876"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26876"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26876\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}