{"id":26885,"date":"2023-12-07T03:11:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/von-hien-vat-physical-capital-trong-kinh-te-vi-mo-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:36:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:36:05","slug":"von-hien-vat-physical-capital-trong-kinh-te-vi-mo-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/von-hien-vat-physical-capital-trong-kinh-te-vi-mo-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt (Physical capital) trong kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: sohu)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt\u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: Physical capital.<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, v\u1ed1n d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc song l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra song l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai\u2026 C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edd m\u00f3, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt (\u0111\u00f4i khi trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i t\u1eaft v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n) m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1ed1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (ti\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu\u2026) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 mua hay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

V\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt<\/font><\/span><\/h3>\n

D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/b> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh hay s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n<\/b> (hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1ed1n (m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng\u2026) trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u00e0y trong 8 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mua c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thu\u00ea n\u00f3 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u00ean. Thu\u00ea chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n<\/b> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u00ea v\u00e0 cho thu\u00ea t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n. C\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mua, b\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i thu\u00ea 10 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u00e0y chung chung m\u00e0 l\u00e0 thu\u00ea 10 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e0y c\u00e0y trong 8 gi\u1edd. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e1y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta thu\u00ea \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 80 gi\u1edd m\u00e1y. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 mua, b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mua, b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n (m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u2026) l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n giao ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Gi\u00e1 mua, b\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 mua, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf Vi m\u00f4, PGS.TS. Ph\u00ed M\u1ea1nh H\u1ed3ng, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c Gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n V\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Physical capital) trong kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26885"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26885"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26885\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}