{"id":26906,"date":"2023-12-07T03:12:16","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:12:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nen-kinh-te-ngam-underground-economy-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:44:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:44:05","slug":"nen-kinh-te-ngam-underground-economy-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nen-kinh-te-ngam-underground-economy-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m (Underground Economy) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1. Ngu\u1ed3n: hrwatchdog.calchamber.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m\u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Underground Economy<\/b> ho\u1eb7c Shadow Economy<\/b>, Black Market <\/b>ho\u1eb7c Informal Economy<\/b>.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m<\/i> ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trong giao d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c do ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m, b\u00e1n thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf, bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m<\/i>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 sao ch\u00e9p vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111ang qu\u00ed hi\u1ebfm, c\u1ed5 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m<\/b><\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c qui m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m<\/i> v\u00ec ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee3 \u0111en.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m<\/font><\/h3>\n

T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m <\/i>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu \u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m <\/i>l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb doanh thu ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m <\/b>gi\u1eef s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch nhu c\u1ea7u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u01a1i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thu thu\u1ebf b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tham nh\u0169ng b\u00f2n r\u00fat.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c nhau theo t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m mua b\u00e1n, trong khi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ma t\u00fay l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u bang M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n sa.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Mexico \u0111\u00e3 mang c\u1ea7n sa \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn trong ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n sa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00ed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u1ea7n sa v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1931, 29 ti\u1ec3u bang \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m c\u1ea7n sa.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n sa l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mua b\u00e1n ch\u00fang b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n sa c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ma tu\u00fd kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n sa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 AIDS.<\/p>\n

(Theo\u00a0investopedia.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Underground Economy) bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Qui m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng do ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26906"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26906"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26906\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}