{"id":26912,"date":"2023-12-07T03:12:33","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:12:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-tro-choi-game-theory-va-cac-ung-dung-trong-kinh-te.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:38:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:38:04","slug":"li-thuyet-tro-choi-game-theory-va-cac-ung-dung-trong-kinh-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-tro-choi-game-theory-va-cac-ung-dung-trong-kinh-te.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i (Game Theory) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong kinh t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1. Ngu\u1ed3n: thestreet.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Game Theory<\/b>.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i <\/i>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i c\u1ea1nh tranh nhau. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i <\/i>l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc John von Neumann v\u00e0 John Nash, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Oskar Morgenster.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/i> l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i duy l\u00ed. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/i> l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 danh t\u00ednh, s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n th\u00eam c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1<\/i>i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc non tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/font><\/h3>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/b>: B\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i)<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i<\/b>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/b>: M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u1ea3y sinh trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/b>: Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin<\/b>: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/b>: L\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh doanh<\/font><\/h4>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kinh doanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i <\/i>chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh doanh, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/i> c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb m\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tham gia v<\/b>\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

(Theo: investopedia.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Game Theory), c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26912"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26912"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26912\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}