{"id":26929,"date":"2023-12-07T03:13:21","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/toan-dung-lao-dong-full-employment-la-gi-dieu-kien.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:43:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:43:48","slug":"toan-dung-lao-dong-full-employment-la-gi-dieu-kien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/toan-dung-lao-dong-full-employment-la-gi-dieu-kien.html","title":{"rendered":"To\u00e0n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (Full employment) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\n

H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: vietnamfinance)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Toa\u0300n du\u0323ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Toa\u0300n du\u0323ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b>\u00a0trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c goi l\u00e0 full employment.<\/b><\/p>\n

Toa\u0300n du\u0323ng\u00a0lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b>\u00a0la\u0300 tra\u0323ng tha\u0301i cu\u0309a n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 ma\u0300 t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 mo\u0323i ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i thu\u1ecd\u0302c l\u01b0\u0323c lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng (trong \u0111\u1ecd\u0302 tu\u00f4\u0309i lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng, co\u0301 kha\u0309 na\u0306ng lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng, co\u0301 nhu c\u00e2\u0300u la\u0300m vi\u1eb9\u0302c v\u01a1\u0301i m\u01b0\u0301c lu\u031bo\u031bng hi\u1eb9\u0302n ha\u0300nh tre\u0302n thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng) \u0111\u00ea\u0300u co\u0301 vi\u1eb9\u0302c la\u0300m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 chi\u0309 t\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n. Chi\u0309 co\u0301 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i kho\u0302ng ch\u00e2\u0301p nh\u1ea1\u0302n la\u0300m vi\u1eb9\u0302c \u01a1\u0309 m\u01b0\u0301c lu\u031bo\u031bng chung cu\u0309a thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng m\u01a1\u0301i kho\u0302ng co\u0301 vi\u1eb9\u0302c la\u0300m. Th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c du\u0300ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 chi\u0309 m\u01b0\u0301c th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p ma\u0300 bi\u0300nh thu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 tra\u0309i qua.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ea1\u0302t ng\u01b0\u0303 t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n kho\u0302ng ha\u0300m y\u0301 r\u0103\u0300ng tri\u00ea\u0301t l\u00ed th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p na\u0300y \u0111a\u0301ng mong mu\u00f4\u0301n, kho\u0302ng thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i theo th\u01a1\u0300i gian ho\u1ea1\u0306c kho\u0302ng bi\u0323 a\u0309nh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng b\u01a1\u0309i chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch kinh t\u00ea\u0301. No\u0301 \u0111o\u031bn gia\u0309n la\u0300 m\u01b0\u0301c th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c duy tri\u0300 ngay ca\u0309 trong da\u0300i ha\u0323n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c da\u0323ng th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ti\u0301nh va\u0300o th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n g\u00f4\u0300m\u00a0th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p ta\u0323m th\u01a1\u0300i,\u00a0th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p co\u031b c\u00e2\u0301u\u00a0va\u0300\u00a0th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p theo l\u00ed thuy\u00ea\u0301t c\u00f4\u0309 \u0111i\u00ea\u0309n\u00a0 \u01a0\u0309 tra\u0323ng tha\u0301i toa\u0300n du\u0323ng lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng, ngu\u00f4\u0300n nha\u0302n l\u01b0\u0323c trong n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111a\u0323t hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309 t\u00f4\u0301i u\u031bu.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/font><\/h3>\n

Toa\u0300n du\u0323ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng xa\u0309y ra ta\u0323i m\u01b0\u0301c sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300m na\u0306ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300m na\u0306ng (Yp – Potentional output) <\/b>la\u0300 m\u01b0\u0301c sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ma\u0300 n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111a\u0323t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c tu\u031bo\u031bng \u01b0\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i m\u01b0\u0301c t\u1ec9 l\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n (Un – natural rate of unemployment) va\u0300 t\u1ec9 l\u1eb9\u0302 la\u0323m pha\u0301t v\u01b0\u0300a pha\u0309i ma\u0300 n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ch\u00e2\u0301p nh\u1ea1\u0302n \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300m na\u0306ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0309u khi m\u1ecd\u0302t n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 v\u1ea1\u0302n du\u0323ng t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh nhu\u031b l\u01b0\u0323c lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng, thi\u00ea\u0301t bi\u0323, co\u0302ng ngh\u1eb9\u0302, ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n thie\u0302n nhie\u0302n va\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c kha\u0301c \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300y \u0111u\u0309; ho\u1ea1\u0306c GDP cu\u0309a n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111a\u0323t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c khi a\u0301p du\u0323ng \u0111u\u0301ng ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ecd\u0302t n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t ta\u0323i sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300m na\u0306ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c go\u0323i la\u0300 n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 co\u0301 vi\u1eb9\u0302c la\u0300m \u0111\u00e2\u0300y \u0111u\u0309.<\/p>\n

Sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300m na\u0306ng (Yp) chu\u031ba pha\u0309i la\u0300 m\u01b0\u0301c sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng t\u00f4\u0301i \u0111a, \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i no\u0301 co\u0301 khuynh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0301ng ta\u0306ng le\u0302n theo th\u01a1\u0300i gian (do kha\u0309 na\u0306ng sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t cu\u0309a n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 luo\u0302n co\u0301 khuynh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0301ng ta\u0306ng le\u0302n).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301, sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 (Ya) luo\u0302n bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng xoay quanh sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300m na\u0306ng Yp ne\u0302n t\u1ec9 l\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p va\u0300 t\u1ec9 l\u1eb9\u0302 la\u0323m pha\u0301t cu\u0303ng bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng, ta\u0323o ra chu k\u00ec kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

– Khi Ya = Yp: <\/b>Nghi\u0303a la\u0300 khi sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 b\u0103\u0300ng sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300m na\u0306ng, n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111a\u0323t tra\u0323ng tha\u0301i toa\u0300n du\u0323ng.<\/p>\n

– Khi Ya < Yp: <\/b>Nghi\u0303a la\u0300 khi sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 nh\u01a1\u0309 ho\u031bn sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300m na\u0306ng, n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111ang trong tra\u0323ng tha\u0301i khi\u00ea\u0301m du\u0323ng. Nghi\u0303a la\u0300 lu\u0301c na\u0300y Ua > Un (th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 l\u01a1\u0301n ho\u031bn th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n). Ph\u00e2\u0300n cao ho\u031bn (la\u0300 th\u00e2\u0301t nghi\u1eb9\u0302p chu k\u00ec) co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c u\u031b\u01a1\u0301c ti\u0301nh theo \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u1ea1\u0302t Okun.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Topica)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n To\u00e0n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Full employment) l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26929"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26929"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26929\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}