{"id":26945,"date":"2023-12-07T03:13:54","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:13:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/san-xuat-manufacturing-la-gi-khai-niem-ngan-han-va-dai-han-trong-san-xuat.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:42:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:42:15","slug":"san-xuat-manufacturing-la-gi-khai-niem-ngan-han-va-dai-han-trong-san-xuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/san-xuat-manufacturing-la-gi-khai-niem-ngan-han-va-dai-han-trong-san-xuat.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Manufacturing) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: scoop)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u00e2\u0301t<\/b> hay sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t cu\u0309a ca\u0309i v\u1ea1\u0302t ch\u00e2\u0301t<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 manufacturing.<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t la\u0300 hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng chu\u0309 y\u00ea\u0301u trong ca\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 cu\u0309a con ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i.<\/p>\n

Sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t<\/b> la\u0300 qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh la\u0300m ra sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m \u0111\u00ea\u0309 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng hay \u0111\u00ea\u0309 trao \u0111\u00f4\u0309i trong thu\u031bo\u031bng ma\u0323i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Quy\u00ea\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t<\/b> d\u01b0\u0323a va\u0300o nh\u01b0\u0303ng v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 chi\u0301nh sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0301i gi\u0300?\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t nhu\u031b th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o?\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t cho ai?\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Gia\u0301 tha\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 la\u0300m th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o \u0111\u00ea\u0309 t\u00f4\u0301i u\u031bu ho\u0301a vi\u1eb9\u0302c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng va\u0300 khai tha\u0301c ca\u0301c ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c c\u00e2\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0301t la\u0300m ra sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m?\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t<\/b> co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u00ea\u0309u \u0111o\u031bn gia\u0309n la\u0300 qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o hay co\u0300n go\u0323i la\u0300 ca\u0301c y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t tha\u0300nh ca\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ra (hay la\u0300 sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u0301 du\u0323: \u0110\u00ea\u0309 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t qu\u00e2\u0300n a\u0301o, ca\u0301c doanh nghi\u1eb9\u0302p pha\u0309i s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o nhu\u031b lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng, va\u0309i, kim, chi\u0309, ma\u0301y may, cu\u0301c, ke\u0301o \u0111\u00ea\u0309 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng b\u1ecd\u0302 qu\u00e2\u0300n a\u0301o mu\u0300a he\u0300, mu\u0300a \u0111o\u0302ng, qu\u00e2\u0300n a\u0301o ba\u0309o h\u1ecd\u0302,…<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/font><\/h3>\n

Chu\u0301ng ta co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 chia \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o theo nh\u01b0\u0303ng tie\u0302u th\u01b0\u0301c chung nh\u00e2\u0301t tha\u0300nh lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng, nguye\u0302n v\u1ea1\u0302t li\u1eb9\u0302u va\u0300 v\u00f4\u0301n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111o\u0301, m\u00f4\u0303i loa\u0323i co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c chia nho\u0309 ho\u031bn nhu\u031b:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng bao g\u00f4\u0300m lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng la\u0300nh ngh\u00ea\u0300 (th\u01a1\u0323 m\u1ecd\u0302c, k\u0129 su\u031b), lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng gia\u0309n \u0111o\u031bn (lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p) va\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c kinh doanh cu\u0309a nh\u01b0\u0303ng nha\u0300 qua\u0309n l\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Nguye\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u bao g\u00f4\u0300m the\u0301p, ch\u00e2\u0301t de\u0309o, \u0111i\u1eb9\u0302n, nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c, b\u00e2\u0301t k\u00ec ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a na\u0300o ha\u0303ng mua va\u0300 chuy\u00ea\u0309n chu\u0301ng tha\u0300nh sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m cu\u00f4\u0301i cu\u0300ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– V\u00f4\u0301n bao g\u00f4\u0300m nha\u0300 xu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng, thi\u00ea\u0301t bi\u0323 va\u0300 ha\u0300ng t\u00f4\u0300n kho.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ca\u0301c y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o kho\u0302ng pha\u0309i la\u0300 \u0111\u1ecd\u0302c l\u1ea1\u0302p ma\u0300 co\u0301 quan h\u1eb9\u0302 v\u01a1\u0301i nhau. M\u00f4\u0301i quan h\u1eb9\u0302 \u0111o\u0301 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c mo\u0302 ta\u0309 b\u0103\u0300ng ha\u0300m sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t.<\/p>\n

Ha\u0300m sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t<\/b> la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t mo\u0302 hi\u0300nh toa\u0301n ho\u0323c cho bi\u00ea\u0301t lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ra t\u00f4\u0301i \u0111a co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 thu \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 ca\u0301c t\u1ea1\u0302p h\u01a1\u0323p kha\u0301c nhau cu\u0309a ca\u0301c y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o tu\u031bo\u031bng \u01b0\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i m\u1ecd\u0302t qui tri\u0300nh co\u0302ng ngh\u1eb9\u0302 nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Chu\u0301ng ta c\u00e2\u0300n chu\u0301 y\u0301 \u01a1\u0309 \u0111a\u0302y ha\u0300m sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u1eb9\u0302n ca\u0301c phu\u031bo\u031bng a\u0301n hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309 v\u00ea\u0300 m\u1ea1\u0306t k\u0129 thu\u1ea1\u0302t, ne\u0302n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ra \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c pha\u0309n a\u0301nh la\u0300 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ra t\u00f4\u0301i \u0111a. \u01af\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i m\u00f4\u0303i tri\u0300nh \u0111\u1ecd\u0302 co\u0302ng ngh\u1eb9\u0302 nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh, s\u01b0\u0323 k\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p ca\u0301c y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o kha\u0301c nhau ne\u0302n se\u0303 tu\u031bo\u031bng \u01b0\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301I m\u1ecd\u0302t ha\u0300m sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t kha\u0301c nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u0301 du\u0323, co\u0302ng ngh\u1eb9\u0302 hi\u1eb9\u0302n \u0111a\u0323i se\u0303 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng i\u0301t lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng ho\u031bn; co\u0302ng ngh\u1eb9\u0302 gia\u0309n \u0111o\u031bn chu\u031ba co\u0301 s\u01b0\u0323 a\u0301p du\u0323ng ma\u0301y mo\u0301c, khoa ho\u0323c, k\u0129 thu\u1ea1\u0302t se\u0303 la\u0300m cho vi\u1eb9\u0302c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng nhi\u00ea\u0300u ho\u031bn.<\/p>\n

Ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ecd\u0302t \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u h\u00ea\u0301t s\u01b0\u0301c quan tro\u0323ng ma\u0300 trong sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t pha\u0309i pha\u0302n bi\u1eb9\u0302t la\u0300 kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m ng\u0103\u0301n ha\u0323n va\u0300 da\u0300i ha\u0323n. Trong ng\u0103\u0301n ha\u0323n va\u0300 trong da\u0300i ha\u0323n co\u0301 s\u01b0\u0323 kha\u0301c nhau v\u00ea\u0300 tri\u0300nh \u0111\u1ecd\u0302 co\u0302ng ngh\u1eb9\u0302 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t ne\u0302n m\u01b0\u0301c sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng se\u0303 kha\u0301c nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1ea1\u0302y ng\u0103\u0301n ha\u0323n va\u0300 da\u0300i ha\u0323n trong sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c pha\u0302n bi\u1eb9\u0302t theo tie\u0302u th\u01b0\u0301c na\u0300o?<\/p>\n

– Ng\u0103\u0301n ha\u0323n<\/b> la\u0300 khoa\u0309ng th\u01a1\u0300i gian ma\u0300 trong \u0111o\u0301 i\u0301t nh\u00e2\u0301t co\u0301 m\u1ecd\u0302t y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o cu\u0309a sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t kho\u0302ng th\u00ea\u0309 thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309I \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c. Y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 na\u0300y \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c go\u0323i la\u0300 y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 c\u00f4\u0301 \u0111i\u0323nh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u0301 du\u0323, trong 2 na\u0306m \u0111\u00e2\u0300u sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t, co\u0302ng ty may Ti\u00ea\u0301n An \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u tu\u031b xa\u0302y d\u01b0\u0323ng nha\u0300 ma\u0301y, mua nguye\u0302n v\u1ea1\u0302t li\u1eb9\u0302u, thue\u0302 lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t qu\u00e2\u0300n a\u0301o xu\u00e2\u0301t kh\u00e2\u0309u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong th\u01a1\u0300I gian na\u0300y, co\u0302ng ty \u0111a\u0303 pha\u0309i thue\u0302 the\u0302m lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng lu\u0301c co\u0301 \u0111o\u031bn ha\u0300ng l\u01a1\u0301n va\u0300 nguye\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u pha\u0309i mua lie\u0302n tu\u0323c m\u01a1\u0301i \u0111a\u0309m ba\u0309o sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300y \u0111u\u0309 s\u00f4\u0301 lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng qu\u00e2\u0300n a\u0301o theo \u0111o\u031bn \u0111\u1ea1\u0306t ha\u0300ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhie\u0302n, co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t, da\u0302y chuy\u00ea\u0300n ma\u0301y mo\u0301c cu\u0309a Co\u0302ng ty v\u00e2\u0303n chu\u031ba thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i. Nhu\u031b v\u1ea1\u0302y, co\u0302ng ty may Ti\u00ea\u0301n An \u0111ang sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t trong ng\u0103\u0301n ha\u0323n.<\/p>\n

– Da\u0300i ha\u0323n<\/b> la\u0300 khoa\u0309ng th\u01a1\u0300i gian c\u00e2\u0300n \u0111\u00ea\u0309 cho t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 ca\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o \u0111\u00ea\u0300u co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u0301 du\u0323, v\u01a1\u0301i co\u0302ng ty may Ti\u00ea\u0301n An, khi hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng tre\u0302n thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111a\u0303 co\u0301 nhi\u00ea\u0300u uy ti\u0301n va\u0300 nh\u1ea1\u0302n \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c nhi\u00ea\u0300u \u0111o\u031bn \u0111\u1ea1\u0306t ha\u0300ng ho\u031bn. V\u01a1\u0301i qui mo\u0302 nha\u0300 xu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng thi\u00ea\u0301t bi\u0323 nhu\u031b hai na\u0306m tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c la\u0300 kho\u0302ng \u0111u\u0309, co\u0302ng ty \u0111a\u0303 quy\u00ea\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh \u0111\u00e2\u0300u tu\u031b the\u0302m nha\u0300 ma\u0301y sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t n\u01b0\u0303a.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nhu\u031b v\u1ea1\u0302y, v\u01a1\u0301i kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m v\u00ea\u0300 da\u0300i ha\u0323n co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 kh\u0103\u0309ng \u0111i\u0323nh khi co\u0302ng ty thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i qui mo\u0302 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t, co\u0302ng ty \u0111ang sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t trong da\u0300i ha\u0323n.<\/p>\n

Chu\u0301 y\u0301, pha\u0302n bi\u1eb9\u0302t ng\u0103\u0301n ha\u0323n va\u0300 da\u0300i ha\u0323n kho\u0302ng d\u01b0\u0323a va\u0300o khoa\u0309ng th\u01a1\u0300i gian cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 ma\u0300 ca\u0306n c\u01b0\u0301 va\u0300o s\u01b0\u0323 thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i cu\u0309a ca\u0301c y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u0300 v\u1ea1\u0302y, v\u01a1\u0301i m\u00f4\u0303i nga\u0300nh ngh\u00ea\u0300 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t, kinh doanh kha\u0301c nhau, th\u01a1\u0300i gian \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c coi la\u0300 ng\u0103\u0301n ha\u0323n, da\u0300i ha\u0323n la\u0300 kha\u0301c nhau. No\u0301 kho\u0302ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng nh\u00e2\u0301t v\u01a1\u0301i t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 ca\u0301c ha\u0303ng, doanh nghi\u1eb9\u0302p.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Topica)
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<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Manufacturing) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra (hay l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26945"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26945"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26945\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}