{"id":26947,"date":"2023-12-07T03:13:58","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:13:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thi-truong-market-la-gi-chuc-nang-cua-thi-truong.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:37:50","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:37:50","slug":"thi-truong-market-la-gi-chuc-nang-cua-thi-truong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thi-truong-market-la-gi-chuc-nang-cua-thi-truong.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Market) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: shutterstock)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m<\/b><\/p>\n

Thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 market.<\/b><\/p>\n

Thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t thu\u1ea1\u0302t ng\u01b0\u0303 \u0111a\u0303 xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u1eb9\u0302n t\u01b0\u0300 r\u00e2\u0301t la\u0302u va\u0300 chu\u0301ng ta thu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng xuye\u0302n nh\u0103\u0301c t\u01a1\u0301i trong mo\u0323i khi\u0301a ca\u0323nh cu\u0309a n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng r\u00e2\u0301t \u0111a da\u0323ng, m\u00f4\u0303i quan \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m kha\u0301c nhau, tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng pha\u0301i kha\u0301c nhau co\u0301 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ca\u0301ch ti\u00ea\u0301p c\u1ea1\u0302n kha\u0301c nhau.<\/p>\n

– Gegory Mankiw (2003) la\u0323i \u0111u\u031ba ra m\u1ecd\u0302t kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m kha\u0301 \u0111o\u031bn gia\u0309n: “Thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng<\/b> la\u0300 t\u1ea1\u0302p h\u01a1\u0323p cu\u0309a m\u1ecd\u0302t nho\u0301m ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i ba\u0301n va\u0300 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i mua m\u1ecd\u0302t ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a ho\u1ea1\u0306c di\u0323ch vu\u0323 nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh”.<\/p>\n

– S.Pindyck va\u0300 Rubinfeld (2005), kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0309u theo nghi\u0303a tu\u031bo\u031bng t\u01b0\u0323: “Thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng<\/b> la\u0300 t\u1ea1\u0302p h\u01a1\u0323p ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i mua va\u0300 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i ba\u0301n ta\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng qua la\u0323i l\u00e2\u0303n nhau d\u00e2\u0303n \u0111\u00ea\u0301n kha\u0309 na\u0306ng trao \u0111\u00f4\u0309i”.<\/p>\n

Co\u0301 nhi\u00ea\u0300u quan \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m kha\u0301c nhau nhi\u0300n nh\u1ea1\u0302n v\u00ea\u0300 thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng, ca\u0306n c\u01b0\u0301 va\u0300o nh\u01b0\u0303ng quan \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m \u0111o\u0301 cu\u0303ng nhu\u031b d\u01b0\u0323a tre\u0302n th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 chu\u0301ng ta co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 th\u00f4\u0301ng nh\u00e2\u0301t chung m\u1ecd\u0302t kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m v\u00ea\u0300 thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng nhu\u031b sau:<\/p>\n

Thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng<\/b> la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t t\u1ea1\u0302p h\u01a1\u0323p ca\u0301c da\u0300n x\u00ea\u0301p ma\u0300 tho\u0302ng qua \u0111o\u0301 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i ba\u0301n va\u0300 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i mua ti\u00ea\u0301p xu\u0301c v\u01a1\u0301i nhau \u0111\u00ea\u0309 trao \u0111\u00f4\u0309i ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a va\u0300 di\u0323ch vu\u0323.<\/p>\n

Thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng kho\u0302ng nh\u00e2\u0301t thi\u00ea\u0301t pha\u0309i la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t \u0111i\u0323a \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 va\u0300 bi\u0323 gi\u01a1\u0301i ha\u0323n trong m\u1ecd\u0302t kho\u0302ng gian cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 ma\u0300 chi\u0301nh la\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng tho\u0309a thu\u1ea1\u0302n gi\u01b0\u0303a ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i mua va\u0300 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i ba\u0301n. No\u031bi na\u0300o co\u0301 s\u01b0\u0323 tho\u0309a thu\u1ea1\u0302n gi\u01b0\u0303a ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i mua va\u0300 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i ba\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0309 mua ba\u0301n ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a, di\u0323ch vu\u0323 thi\u0300 no\u031bi \u0111o\u0301 co\u0301 la\u0300 thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111o\u0301, thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t qua\u0301n ca\u0300 phe\u0302, m\u1ecd\u0302t ch\u01a1\u0323, m\u1ecd\u0302t cu\u1ecd\u0302c k\u00ed k\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng mua ba\u0301n, ch\u01a1\u0323 tra\u0301i ca\u0302y, ti\u1eb9\u0302m c\u0103\u0301t to\u0301c, qua\u0301n a\u0306n, m\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng la\u0323i \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c v\u1ea1\u0302n ha\u0300nh tho\u0302ng qua ca\u0301c trung gian nhu\u031b thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng ch\u01b0\u0301ng khoa\u0301n, thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng vo\u0302 hi\u0300nh nhu\u031b thu\u031bo\u031bng ma\u0323i \u0111i\u1eb9\u0302n t\u01b0\u0309 (ebay.com)…<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Hi\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0301c cu\u0309a thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng kha\u0301c nhau nhu\u031bng ca\u0301c thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng co\u0301 cu\u0300ng m\u1ecd\u0302t ch\u01b0\u0301c na\u0306ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111o\u0301 la\u0300 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ti\u00ea\u0301t n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301: Xa\u0301c l\u1ea1\u0302p m\u01b0\u0301c gia\u0301 va\u0300 s\u00f4\u0301 lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a hay di\u0323ch vu\u0323 ma\u0300 ta\u0323i \u0111o\u0301 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i mua mu\u00f4\u0301n mua va\u0300 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i ba\u0301n mu\u00f4\u0301n ba\u0301n.<\/p>\n

Gia\u0301 ca\u0309 va\u0300 s\u00f4\u0301 lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a hay di\u0323ch vu\u0323 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c mua ba\u0301n tre\u0302n thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng thu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng song ha\u0300nh v\u01a1\u0301i nhau. \u01af\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i m\u1ecd\u0302t m\u01b0\u0301c gia\u0301 nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh, m\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ha\u0300ng ho\u0301a nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh se\u0303 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c mua ba\u0301n.<\/p>\n

Tre\u0302n thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng t\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i ca\u0301c qui lu\u1ea1\u0302t kinh t\u00ea\u0301 co\u031b ba\u0309n nhu\u031b: qui lu\u1ea1\u0302t cung c\u00e2\u0300u, qui lu\u1ea1\u0302t gia\u0301 tri\u0323, qui lu\u1ea1\u0302t ca\u0323nh tranh, qui lu\u1ea1\u0302t gia\u0301 ca\u0309. Nh\u01b0\u0303ng qui lu\u1ea1\u0302t na\u0300y luo\u0302n ta\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng, ha\u0323n ch\u00ea\u0301 va\u0300 thu\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0309y nhau ta\u0323o tha\u0300nh t\u1ea1\u0302p h\u01a1\u0323p ca\u0301c m\u00f4\u0301i quan h\u1eb9\u0302 h\u00ea\u0301t s\u01b0\u0301c ph\u01b0\u0301c ta\u0323p.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0<\/i>Cung, c\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300 co\u031b ch\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng cu\u0309a thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng, T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Topica)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Market) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26947"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26947"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26947\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}