{"id":26973,"date":"2023-12-07T03:15:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:15:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/can-can-thuong-mai-balance-of-trade-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:54:23","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:54:23","slug":"can-can-thuong-mai-balance-of-trade-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/can-can-thuong-mai-balance-of-trade-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (Balance of Trade) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\n

H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (Balance of Trade)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Balance of Trade<\/b>. C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/i> ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u r\u00f2ng (Net Exports)<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/font><\/h3>\n

NX = X – IM<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

NX (Net exports): xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u r\u00f2ng<\/p>\n

X (Export): Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/p>\n

IM (Import): Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u theo s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

H\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u theo s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b>: X = f(Y) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn mua s\u1eafm h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (trong n\u01b0\u1edbc) kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nhu c\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nhu c\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng: X = X0<\/sub><\/p>\n

H\u00e0m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u theo s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

H\u00e0m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u theo s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b>: IM = f(Y) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn mua s\u1eafm h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (trong n\u01b0\u1edbc) kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n…<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a thu nh\u1eadp:<\/p>\n

IM = MPM x Y<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

MPM (Marginal Propensity to Import) l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u bi\u00ean. N\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft khi thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00ec c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n chi th\u00eam cho h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: MPM =\u00a0\u00a0\u0394IM \/ \u0394Y<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/font><\/h3>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/b> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong ba t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0, th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 3.14 cho bi\u1ebft: n\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m Y1<\/sub> th\u00ec c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 (X > IM), t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Y0<\/sub> th\u00ec c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Y2<\/sub> th\u00ec c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi m\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t cao.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u00ec gia t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Balance of Trade) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u r\u00f2ng (Net Exports). C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong ba t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0, th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26973"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26973"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26973\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}