{"id":27008,"date":"2023-12-07T03:16:49","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kiem-soat-gia-price-controls-la-gi-tac-dong-cua-kiem-soat-gia-doi-voi-nen-kinh-te.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:52:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:52:13","slug":"kiem-soat-gia-price-controls-la-gi-tac-dong-cua-kiem-soat-gia-doi-voi-nen-kinh-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kiem-soat-gia-price-controls-la-gi-tac-dong-cua-kiem-soat-gia-doi-voi-nen-kinh-te.html","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 (Price controls) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Youtube<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 (Price controls)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Price controls<\/b>. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1i \u0111a (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5i thi\u1ec3u (gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan<\/font><\/h3>\n

Gi\u00e1\u00a0<\/b>hay\u00a0gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3<\/b>\u00a0(Price<\/b>), <\/b>theo h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n (Price Ceiling)<\/b> l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ee9c\u00a0gi\u00e1\u00a0t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n (Price Floor)<\/b> l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ee9c\u00a0gi\u00e1\u00a0t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf<\/font><\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng (P0\u00a0<\/sub><\/span>< P1<\/sub>) tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 P0<\/sub> l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t (h\u00ecnh 2.10).<\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4, NXB H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng cung.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qui \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 mua th\u00f3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4, NXB H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

N\u1ebfu Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n. Khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cung v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u1ea7u g\u00e2y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 cung. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n (c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t) s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng khan hi\u1ebfm n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t.<\/p>\n

(1) X\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ebd mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

(2) S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i thi\u00ean v\u1ecb: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng khan hi\u1ebfm cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u00ean v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng?<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4, NXB H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Price controls) l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1i \u0111a (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5i thi\u1ec3u (gi\u00e1 s\u00e0n) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27008"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27008"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27008\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}