{"id":27058,"date":"2023-12-07T03:18:23","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:18:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tong-san-pham-quoc-dan-gross-national-product-gnp-la-gi-cach-xac-dinh-gnp.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:38:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:38:05","slug":"tong-san-pham-quoc-dan-gross-national-product-gnp-la-gi-cach-xac-dinh-gnp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tong-san-pham-quoc-dan-gross-national-product-gnp-la-gi-cach-xac-dinh-gnp.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n (Gross National Product – GNP) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh GNP"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: 123rf<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n (GNP)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Gross National Product<\/b>, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 GNP<\/b>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra b\u1eb1ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m).<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i s\u00e2u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1eb1ng sau trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa GNP v\u00e0\u00a0GDP.<\/p>\n

(1) “l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b>“: GNP c\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, GNP ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) “c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/b>“: GNP c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 GNP b\u1ecf s\u00f3t do t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. GNP kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra v\u00e0 b\u00e1n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i rau qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a GNP, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng rau qu\u1ea3 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong GNP.<\/p>\n

(3) “h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/b>“: GNP bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, xe h\u01a1i, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o…) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (c\u1eaft t\u00f3c, kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, lau nh\u00e0…).<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: khi b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0129a CD c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ea1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 mua n\u1eb1m trong GNP. Khi b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 nghe m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ho\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong GNP.<\/p>\n

(4) “cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/b>“: c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 GNP ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trung gian.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7: khi h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 trung gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 trung gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o GNP.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trung gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n ra th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00e2m. GNP trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec sau ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m \u0111i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

(5) “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra<\/b>“: GNP bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(6) “b\u1eb1ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia<\/b>“: \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa GNP v\u00e0 GDP. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00f9 c\u00f3 tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o GNP c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(7) “trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b>“: GNP ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t qu\u00ed. GNP ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu nh\u1eadp hay chi ti\u00eau trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/font><\/h3>\n

T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n (GNP) s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i (GDP) c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam kho\u1ea3n thu nh\u1eadp m\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u1eeb \u0111i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thu nh\u1eadp m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1o ra trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thu nh\u1eadp chuy\u1ec3n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n r\u00f2ng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Net Foreign Factor Income, k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u NFFI ho\u1eb7c Net Factor Income from Abroad, k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u NFIA hay NIA).<\/p>\n

Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa GNP v\u00e0 GDP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n

GNP = GDP \u00b1 NIA<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Gross National Product, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: GNP) l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng do c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27058"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27058"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27058\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}