{"id":27148,"date":"2023-12-07T03:21:10","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:21:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tong-san-pham-quoc-noi-gross-domestic-product-gdp-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:42:54","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:42:54","slug":"tong-san-pham-quoc-noi-gross-domestic-product-gdp-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tong-san-pham-quoc-noi-gross-domestic-product-gdp-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i (Gross Domestic Product – GDP) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. TraderViet<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i (Gross Domestic Product)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0Gross Domestic Product<\/b>, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 GDP<\/b>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m).<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

Tho\u1ea1t nghe ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y xem ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1ea3y sinh trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau GDP c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i s\u00e2u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1eb1ng sau trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(1) “l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b>“: GDP c\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, GDP ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi tr\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) “c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/b>“: GDP c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 GDP b\u1ecf s\u00f3t do t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. GDP kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra v\u00e0 b\u00e1n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ng\u1ea7m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i rau qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a GDP, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng rau qu\u1ea3 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong GDP.<\/p>\n

(3) “h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/b>“: GDP bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, xe h\u01a1i, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o…) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (c\u1eaft t\u00f3c, kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, lau nh\u00e0…).\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: khi b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0129a CD c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ea1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 mua n\u1eb1m trong GDP. Khi b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 nghe m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ho\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong GDP.<\/p>\n

(4) “cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/b>“: c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 GDP ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trung gian.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7: khi h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 trung gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 trung gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o GDP.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trung gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n ra th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00e2m. GDP trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec sau ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m \u0111i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

(5) “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra<\/b>“: GDP bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(6) “trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia<\/b>“: GDP t\u00ednh theo ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t – kinh doanh d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n

(7) “trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b>“: GDP ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t qu\u00ed. GDP ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu nh\u1eadp hay chi ti\u00eau trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u GDP \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui chu\u1ea9n theo GDP c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, con s\u1ed1 GDP h\u00e0ng qu\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp hay chi ti\u00eau trong qu\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 4. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qui \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 GDP h\u00e0ng qu\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o co gi\u00e3n, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 chung l\u00ean cao. Do v\u1eady GDP t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhanh trong khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh theo hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng \u00edt.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Gross Domestic Product, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: GDP) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ch\u1ec9 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng hay m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27148"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27148"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27148\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}