{"id":27195,"date":"2023-12-07T03:42:54","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T03:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/bo-xu-li-do-hoa-graphics-processing-unit-gpu-la-gi-vai-tro-cua-gpu-doi-voi-tien-ma-hoa.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:55:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T07:55:00","slug":"bo-xu-li-do-hoa-graphics-processing-unit-gpu-la-gi-vai-tro-cua-gpu-doi-voi-tien-ma-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/bo-xu-li-do-hoa-graphics-processing-unit-gpu-la-gi-vai-tro-cua-gpu-doi-voi-tien-ma-hoa.html","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (Graphics Processing Unit – GPU) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a GPU \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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(\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: Amazon)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda\u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Graphics Processing Unit<\/b>, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 GPU<\/b>.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GPU)<\/b> l\u00e0 chip ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

GPU ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/p>\n

GPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong c\u00e1c video v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ecda trong video v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh bitmap (m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda – rendering), v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi GPU ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u1eed l\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap GPU tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng trong\u00a0h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y,\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 tinh vi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi GPU xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, k\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00ed b\u1edfi B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed trung t\u00e2m (Central Processing Unit – CPU). Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi CPU, GPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00ec GPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u01a1n.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong GPU ho\u1eb7c CPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00ed b\u1eb1ng l\u00f5i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f5i th\u00ec m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng nhanh (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n). GPU s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 song song. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac song song c\u1ee7a GPU kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi CPU, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt l\u00f5i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 theo tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. CPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh nhanh h\u01a1n GPU, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “GPU” th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho “c\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda” (graphics card), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u GPU, bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, GPU c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch con c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ri\u00eang v\u1edbi GPU \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o GPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a GPU \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a<\/font><\/h3>\n

Khi ban \u0111\u1ea7u GPU<\/b> l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda video v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i game m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a\u00a0(cryptocurrency) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o GPU v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, hai nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 Nvidia Corp v\u00e0 Advanced Micro Devices, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 doanh s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 doanh thu do khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung th\u00ec c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua. Trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0\u00a0bitcoin, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chipset chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (ASIC). C\u00f2n GPU v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Graphics Processing Unit, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: GPU) l\u00e0 chip ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[415],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27195"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27195\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}