{"id":28217,"date":"2023-12-07T04:59:54","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T04:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-cac-diem-han-che-theory-of-constraints-toc-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T21:35:24","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T14:35:24","slug":"li-thuyet-cac-diem-han-che-theory-of-constraints-toc-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-cac-diem-han-che-theory-of-constraints-toc-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (Theory of Constraints – TOC) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: cssintl.com)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (<\/b>hay l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c)<\/b>\u00a0trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0Theory of Constrainst, <\/b>vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0\u00a0TOC<\/b>.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1eaft x\u00edch y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. <\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf <\/b>l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t (\u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf), c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. V\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam n\u1eefa. <\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi m\u1ed7i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n kh\u00e2u ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/font><\/h3>\n

TOC t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. <\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch y\u1ebfu. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 chu\u1ed7i b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft x\u00edch y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, TOC t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1eaft x\u00edch l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 qui tr\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 n\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: <\/p>\n

1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf). <\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang n\u1eb1m ch\u1edd trong m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. <\/p>\n

2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i (kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf). <\/b><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa hay n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. <\/p>\n

3. G\u1eafn k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc 2 (r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf). <\/b><\/p>\n

Khi qui tr\u00ecnh mang \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. <\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n hi sinh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qui tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng qui tr\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m sau \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm <\/p>\n

4. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf). <\/b><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n, t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian hay ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n

5. Ngay khi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 (l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qui tr\u00ecnh). <\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ngay khi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed7i qui tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. <\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. <\/p>\n

Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: <\/b><\/p>\n

– H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9: nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. <\/p>\n

– H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea7u, d\u01b0 th\u1eeba s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Theory of Constrainst, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: TOC) l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t (\u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf), c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28217"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28217"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28217\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}