{"id":28840,"date":"2023-12-07T05:24:27","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T05:24:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thuyet-ki-vong-expectancy-theory-cua-victor-vroom.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:06:55","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:06:55","slug":"thuyet-ki-vong-expectancy-theory-cua-victor-vroom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thuyet-ki-vong-expectancy-theory-cua-victor-vroom.html","title":{"rendered":"Thuy\u1ebft k\u00ec v\u1ecdng (Expectancy theory) c\u1ee7a Victor Vroom"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Thuy\u1ebft k\u00ec v\u1ecdng (Expectancy theory)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Thuy\u1ebft k\u00ec v\u1ecdng<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Expectancy theory<\/b>.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Vroom l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c. Vroom cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u00ec v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eafng n\u1ebfu ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn, th\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00ec v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft k\u00ec v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Vroom (1964). Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/font><\/h3>\n

Vroom \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n

M = E x I x V<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

– M – Motivation l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n

– E – Expectancy l\u00e0 k\u00ec v\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c (effort) v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (performance).<\/p>\n

E l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

E = 0 khi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch;<\/p>\n

E = 1 khi h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec E s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n

– I – Instrumentality l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (performance) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng (outcome\/rewards).<\/p>\n

I l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

I c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1- ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 0- kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng mong \u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– V – Valence l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n g\u00e1n cho ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng (rewards) v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (personal goals).\u00a0<\/p>\n

V c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – 1 (k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n) \u0111\u1ebfn +1 (k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n).<\/p>\n

Vroom cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ba kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hay ba m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a E, I, V l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Thuy\u1ebft k\u00ec v\u1ecdng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Expectancy theory) c\u1ee7a Vroom l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y xoay quanh ba m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Motivation, Expectancy v\u00e0 Instrumentality.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28840"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28840"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28840\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}