{"id":28845,"date":"2023-12-07T05:24:34","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T05:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/mo-hinh-dac-diem-cong-viec-job-characteristics-model-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:06:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:06:56","slug":"mo-hinh-dac-diem-cong-viec-job-characteristics-model-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/mo-hinh-dac-diem-cong-viec-job-characteristics-model-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (Job characteristics model) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/font><\/h2>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Job characteristics model<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Hackman v\u00e0 Oldham (1974) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00ed do, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u,… b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t (\u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u00ednh), nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m anh ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. Do v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1t m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u01a1, coi nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sau c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi hay n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (ph\u1ea1m vi, n\u1ed9i dung, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7,…) s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m l\u00ed t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hackman v\u00e0 Oldham \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Hackman v\u00e0 Oldham (1974). Ngu\u1ed3n: L\u00ea Th\u1ecb T\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00e2n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, theo hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

(1) C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau,<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u trong qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3,<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd, k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n

(5) C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00f3p \u00fd, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf l\u1ea7n sau, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 5 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 giao quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

(Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Job characteristics model) do hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Hackman v\u00e0 Oldham x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong h\u1ecd.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28845"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28845"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28845\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}