{"id":28860,"date":"2023-12-07T05:25:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T05:25:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phan-tich-chinh-sach-policy-analysis-la-gi-tai-sao-phai-phan-tich-chinh-sach.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:06:57","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:06:57","slug":"phan-tich-chinh-sach-policy-analysis-la-gi-tai-sao-phai-phan-tich-chinh-sach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phan-tich-chinh-sach-policy-analysis-la-gi-tai-sao-phai-phan-tich-chinh-sach.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch (Policy analysis) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: thefinancialexpress.com.bd)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch (Policy analysis)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 policy analysis.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch (Policy analysis) c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n

1. “Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch”.<\/p>\n

2. “Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cac ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chu tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 mang t\u00ednh qui lu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t d\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch”.<\/p>\n

3. “Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung nh\u1ea5t: “Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean (ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb) v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ee3i \u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i”.<\/p>\n

\u00a0S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean hay nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf M\u1ef9, t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia hay H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch (The Office of Management and Budget) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n kinh t\u1ebf (the Council of Economic Advisors) gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd do c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/font><\/h2>\n

L\u00ed do kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t<\/b>, th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin cho vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, do m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc th\u1eadt k\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed do c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/b>, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00fap:<\/p>\n

+ Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 thi hay ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

+ Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hay t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qua c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi ban h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi ban h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 xung kh\u1eafc g\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi ban h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap g\u00ec cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

+ Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean… \u0110\u1ec3 cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

+\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ban h\u00e0nh. Khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch do ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ban h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean: TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng H\u00f2a, TS. V\u0169 S\u1ef9 C\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u0103m 2013, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Policy analysis) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28860"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28860"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28860\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}