{"id":28906,"date":"2023-12-07T05:26:55","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T05:26:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/so-do-mang-pert-pert-network-la-gi-cach-xay-dung.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:07:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:07:12","slug":"so-do-mang-pert-pert-network-la-gi-cach-xay-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/so-do-mang-pert-pert-network-la-gi-cach-xay-dung.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT (PERT network) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: crately<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT (PERT network)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 PERT network<\/b>.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, PERT cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c d\u01b0 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT, c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t (s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean) ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n cung \u0111i ra, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng) ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n cung \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 cung \u0111i v\u00e0o, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 cung \u0111i ra.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/b> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y sang s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cung c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a cung ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea3o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng 0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ch\u1eadm bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef<\/b> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (tr\u1eeb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u0103ng) l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng<\/b> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng s\u1ebd tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 PERT. Ngu\u1ed3n: Quantri.vn<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT, ph\u1ea3i qua 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/i>, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (t\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p).<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/i>, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3<\/i>, v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac theo m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/i>, t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n

– T\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (TS<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

– B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u1edbi TS<\/sup>1<\/sub>=0<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 t\u00ednh theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec c\u00f3: TS<\/sup>J<\/sub> = TS<\/sup>i<\/sub> + tij<\/sub><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec c\u00f3: TS<\/sup>J<\/sub> = max [(TS<\/sup>i<\/sub> + tij<\/sub>]; (TS<\/sup>h<\/sub> + thj<\/sub>);…]<\/p>\n

– T\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m mu\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (TM<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

– B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi TM<\/sup>n<\/sub> = TS<\/sup>n<\/sub><\/p>\n

– T\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (n – 1), (n – 2),…, j,…., 1<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang x\u00e9t th\u00ec: TM<\/sup>j<\/sub> = TM<\/sup>k<\/sub> – tjk<\/sub><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111ang x\u00e9t: TM<\/sup>j <\/sub>= min [(TM<\/sup>k<\/sub> – tjk<\/sub>); (TM<\/sup>l <\/sub>– tjl<\/sub>]; (TM<\/sup>m<\/sub> – tjm<\/sub>); …]<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 5<\/i>, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng<\/p>\n

– \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u0103ng: C\u00f3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef b\u1eb1ng 0: Di<\/sub> = TM<\/sup>i<\/sub> – TS<\/sup>i<\/sub> = 0<\/p>\n

– T\u00ecm c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u0103ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m PERT.<\/p>\n

(Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT (ti\u1ebfng Anh: PERT network) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng PERT.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28906"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28906"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28906\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}