{"id":28968,"date":"2023-12-07T05:29:29","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T05:29:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thuyet-trao-doi-lanh-dao-thanh-vien-leader-member-exchange-theory-lmx-trong-quan-li-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:07:33","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:07:33","slug":"thuyet-trao-doi-lanh-dao-thanh-vien-leader-member-exchange-theory-lmx-trong-quan-li-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thuyet-trao-doi-lanh-dao-thanh-vien-leader-member-exchange-theory-lmx-trong-quan-li-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Thuy\u1ebft trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o – th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean (Leader – Member Exchange Theory – LMX) trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: sites)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Thuy\u1ebft trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o – th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o – th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/b> hay L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 S\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4i Chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc<\/b>\u00a0trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Leader – Member Exchange Theory <\/b>hay Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory.<\/b><\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o – th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean <\/b>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong nh\u00f3m duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trao \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean “trong nh\u00f3m” v\u00e0 “ngo\u00e0i nh\u00f3m”<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng chung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (inner cycle) b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh nh\u00f3m m\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00f3m n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 l\u00ed ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u1ecd trao cho nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, quy\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ebd cam k\u1ebft trung th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u00ean trong n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng trao qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi “b\u00ean trong” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh LMX<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhanh theo ba b\u01b0\u1edbc ngay khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m “b\u00ean trong” c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia nh\u1eadp nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed.<\/p>\n

– Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp vai tr\u00f2<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m do m\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a\/cam k\u1ebft ng\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i cho d\u1ef1 t\u1eadn c\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i,\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ecdai ra v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i “ngo\u00e0i nh\u00f3m”.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

– H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng qua ba b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec sao \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi, da tr\u1eafng, thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung t\u1ea7m).\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, h\u1ee3p l\u00ed trong t\u01b0 duy, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o). Hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn, th\u00edch ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 LMX bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. K\u00ec l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 cao.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qui m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed<\/span> \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u0103ng b\u1eadc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t “nh\u00f3m b\u00ean trong” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb xu\u1ed1ng nh\u00f3m “b\u00ean trong” \u1edf nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Thuy\u1ebft trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o – th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Duy T\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Thuy\u1ebft trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o – th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Leader – Member Exchange Theory) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong nh\u00f3m duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trao \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28968"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28968"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28968\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}