{"id":29318,"date":"2023-12-07T07:32:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T07:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dong-vien-encourage-trong-quan-tri-la-gi-cac-li-thuyet-dong-vien.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:08:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:08:56","slug":"dong-vien-encourage-trong-quan-tri-la-gi-cac-li-thuyet-dong-vien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dong-vien-encourage-trong-quan-tri-la-gi-cac-li-thuyet-dong-vien.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean (Encourage) trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean (Encourage)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Encourage<\/b>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean<\/b> bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean<\/font><\/h3>\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(1) L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Abraham Maslow Maslow<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh 5 b\u1eadc:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: \u0103n, u\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7c, \u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 an ninh: an to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c…\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: Tham gia c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n, t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u2026\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng: Th\u00edch danh ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/b>kh\u00e1c\u2026<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n: mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u2026.<\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

(2) L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft hai nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Herzberg\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Herzberg \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 duy tr\u00ec: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t\u2026\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb khi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i h\u01a1n trong khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n th\u00ec nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u00e0 k\u00e9m h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean: g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, giao ph\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho h\u1ecd, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb khi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i h\u01a1n trong khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

– \u00d4ng c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft E.R.G\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Clayton Alderfer ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cu\u1ea3 Maslow. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u, song c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: g\u1ed3m nhu c\u1ea7u sinh l\u00ed v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Nhu c\u1ea7u quan h\u1ec7: nhu c\u1ea7u quan h\u1ec7 qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nhu c\u1ea7u quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng)\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac theo \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Maslow \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa khi m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ed3n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c sang m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Stacy Adams\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

– L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n thu\u1edfng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Encourage) trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29318"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29318"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29318\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}