{"id":29401,"date":"2023-12-07T07:35:38","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T07:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/bieu-do-tan-suat-histogram-la-gi-trinh-tu-lap-bieu-do-tan-suat.html"},"modified":"2023-12-23T06:09:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T23:09:12","slug":"bieu-do-tan-suat-histogram-la-gi-trinh-tu-lap-bieu-do-tan-suat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/bieu-do-tan-suat-histogram-la-gi-trinh-tu-lap-bieu-do-tan-suat.html","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t (Histogram) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t (Histogram)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a
<\/b><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Histogram<\/b>. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t cho th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111em l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c nhau theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp theo nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1. Thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u (s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y tr\u00ean 50 m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t). X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t (X max) v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t (X min) t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng R c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n

R = X max \u2013 X min<\/p>\n

3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp K. C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp K \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: K = , trong \u0111\u00f3 n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3ng<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp K b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong hai s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u1edbp K l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 5 ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 20.<\/p>\n

4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp (h)<\/p>\n

h = (X max \u2013 X min)\/ K = R\/K<\/p>\n

5. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean (GHT) v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1eddi (GHD) c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng l\u1edbp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

– L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean:<\/p>\n

GHD = X min \u2013 h\/2<\/p>\n

GHT = X min + h\/2<\/p>\n

– L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai:<\/p>\n

GHD = GHT l\u1edbp 1<\/p>\n

GHT = GHD l\u1edbp 2 + h<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp theo cho t\u1edbi l\u1edbp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

6. L\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

– Ghi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

– T\u00ednh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa (GTG) c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng l\u1edbp ghi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

GTG = (GHD + GHT)\/2<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u1eebng l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ghi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t, tr\u1ee5c tung bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo d\u00f5i, chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

8. Ghi c\u00e1c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3<\/p>\n

9. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, NXB T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t hay bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Histogram) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t cho th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29401"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29401\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}